Table 2 Univariate analysis of the factors associated with successful CPR (June 1998 and June 2003). PEA pulseless electrical activity, VF ventricular fibrillation, VT ventricular tachycardia
Variables | Survived >24 h (n=162) | Died in <24 h (n=221) | p value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age | ||||
60 years or less | 89 (55) | 129 (58) | 1.00 | |
More than 60 years | 72 (45) | 92 (42) | 0.55 | 1.13 (0.75–1.7) |
Gender | ||||
Female | 60 (37) | 89 (40) | 0.52 | 1.0 |
Male | 102 (63) | 132 (60) | 1.15 (0.755–1.739) | |
Reason for admission | ||||
Non-cardiac | 95 (59) | 172 (78) | 1.0 | |
Cardiac | 67 (41) | 49 (22) | 0.00 | 2.48 (1.586–3.865) |
Pre-existing conditions | ||||
Two or more comorbidities | 60 (37) | 86 (39) | 1.0 | |
No or one comorbidity | 102 (63) | 135 (61) | 0.71 | 1.08 (0.713–1.645) |
ECG monitoring before cardiac arrest | ||||
Yes | 108 (67) | 183 (83) | 1.0 | |
No | 54 (33) | 38 (17) | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.49–3.88) |
Advanced airway before cardiac arrest | ||||
Yes | 38 (23) | 138 (62) | 1.0 | |
No | 124 (77) | 83 (38) | 0.001 | 5.42 (3.445-8.544) |
Intra-arterial catheter before cardiac arrest | ||||
Yes | 15 (9) | 70 (32) | 1.0 | |
No | 147 (91) | 151 (68) | 0.001 | 4.54 (2.488-8.296) |
Immediate precipitating cause | ||||
Non-cardiac | 93 (57) | 163 (74) | 1.0 | |
Cardiac | 69 (43) | 58 (26) | 0.001 | 2.08 (1.353-3.212) |
Location where code ran | ||||
ICU | 22 (14) | 106 (48) | 0.001 | 1.0 |
Emergency room | 62 (38) | 8 (4) | 0.04 | 37.3 (15.68–88.9) |
CCU | 16 (10) | 35 (16) | 0.04 | 2.203 (1.04–4.66) |
Monitored bed | 27 (17) | 38 (17) | 0.001 | 3.423 (1.74–6.72) |
General bed | 24 (15) | 24 (11) | 0.001 | 4.818 (2.32–9.98) |
Other areas (OR, D & T, others) | 11 (6) | 10 (4) | 0.001 | 5.300 (2.01–14.0) |
Initial rhythm at time of CPR | ||||
Non-shockable (PEA/asystole) | 126 (78) | 186 (84) | 1.0 | |
Shockable (VF/pulseless VT) | 36 (22) | 35 (16) | 0.11 | 1.52 (0.90–2.547) |
Event was monitored or not | ||||
Event was monitored | 123 (76) | 200 (90) | 1.0 | |
Event was not monitored | 39 (24) | 21 (10) | 0.001 | 3.02 (1.697–5.372) |
Duration of CPR | ||||
>10 min | 66 (42) | 143 (66) | 1.0 | |
≤10 min | 92 (58) | 73 (34) | 0.001 | 2.73 (1.788–1.171) |
Time shift | ||||
Evening and night | 109 (67) | 140 (63) | 1.0 | |
Morning | 53 (33) | 81 (37) | 0.42 | 0.84 (0.548–1.288) |
Interval between collapse and start of CPR (n=365) | ||||
Start after 1 min | 14 (9) | 24 (11) | 1.0 | |
Start within 1 min | 138 (91) | 189 (89) | 0.53 | 1.25 (0.62–2.5) |
Interval between collapse and defibrillation (n=124) | ||||
Attempted after 3 min | 18 (39) | 42 (54) | 1.0 | |
Attempted within 3 min | 28 (61) | 36 (46) | 0.11 | 1.81 (0.9–3.8) |
Interval between collapse and advanced airway (n=90) | ||||
Secured after 5 min | 24 (43) | 16 (47) | 1.0 | |
Secured within 5 min | 32 (57) | 18 (53) | 0.69 | 1.18 (0.50–2.79) |
Interval between collapse and 1st dose of epinephrine (n=174) | ||||
Administered after 2 min | 34 (46) | 38 (38) | 1.0 | |
Administered within 2 min | 40 (54) | 62 (62) | 0.29 | 0.72 (0.39–1.32) |