Table 3 Univariate analysis of the factors associated with survival to discharge (June 1998 and June 2003). PEA pulseless electrical activity, VF ventricular fibrillation, VT ventricular tachycardia
Variables | Death (n=299) | Hospital discharge (n=84) | p value | Univariate logistic regression |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Age | ||||
60 years or less | 173 (58) | 45 (54) | 1.00 | |
More than 60 years | 126 (42) | 38 (46) | 0.55 | 1.16 (0.71–1.9) |
Gender | ||||
Female | 121 (40.5) | 28 (33) | 1.0 | |
Male | 178 (59.5) | 56 (67) | 0.23 | 1.36 (0.81–2.3) |
Reason for admission | ||||
Non-cardiac | 231 (77) | 36 (43) | 1.0 | |
Cardiac | 68 (23) | 48 (57) | 0.001 | 4.53 (2.72–7.54) |
Pre-existing conditions | ||||
No or one comorbidity | 178 (59.5) | 59 (70) | 1.0 | |
Two or more comorbidities | 121 (40.5) | 25 (30) | 0.76 | 1.60 (0.95–2.7) |
ECG monitoring before cardiac arrest | ||||
Yes | 238 (80) | 53 (63) | 1.0 | |
No | 61 (20) | 31 (37) | 0.002 | 2.3 (1.35–3.85) |
Advanced airway before cardiac arrest | ||||
Yes | 163 (54.5) | 13 (15.5) | 1.0 | |
No | 136 (45.5) | 71 (84.5) | 0.001 | 6.54 (3.5-12.33) |
Intra-arterial catheter before cardiac arrest | ||||
Yes | 82 (27) | 3 (4) | 1.0 | |
No | 217 (73) | 81 (96) | 0.001 | 10.2 (3.13-33.20) |
Immediate precipitating cause | ||||
Non-cardiac | 217 (73) | 39 (46) | 1.0 | |
Cardiac | 82 (27) | 45 (54) | 0.001 | 3.05 (1.85–5.03) |
Location where code ran | ||||
ICU | 122 (41) | 6 (7) | 0.001 | 1.0 |
Emergency room | 26 (9) | 44 (52) | 0.001 | 34.4 (13.3–89.2) |
CCU | 42 (14) | 9 (11) | 0.008 | 4.35 (1.5–13) |
Monitored bed | 56 (19) | 9 (11) | 0.032 | 3. 3 (1.1–9.6) |
General bed | 38 (13) | 10 (12) | 0.002 | 5.35 (1.8–15.7) |
Other areas (OR, D & T, others) | 15 (5) | 6 (7) | 0.001 | 8.1 (2.32–28.50) |
Initial rhythm at time of CPR | ||||
Non-shockable (PEA/asystole) | 249 (83) | 63 (75) | 1.0 | |
Shockable (VF/pulseless VT) | 50 (17) | 21 (25) | 0.08 | 1.7 (0.93–2.96) |
Event was monitored or not | ||||
Event was monitored | 262 (88) | 61 (73) | 1.0 | |
Event was not monitored | 37 (12) | 23 (27) | 0.001 | 2.7 (1.48–4.8) |
Duration of CPR | ||||
10 min or more | 174 (60) | 35 (43) | 1.0 | |
10 min or less | 118 (40) | 47 (57) | 0.007 | 1.9 (1.21–3.25) |
Time shift | ||||
Morning | 106 (35.5) | 28 (33) | 1.0 | |
Evening and night | 193 (64.5) | 56 (67) | 0.71 | 1.09 (0.65–1.83) |
Interval between collapse and start of CPR (n=365) | ||||
Start after 1 min | 30 (10) | 8 (10) | 1.0 | |
Start within 1 min | 255 (90) | 72 (90) | 0.89 | 0.94 (0.41–2.15) |
Interval between collapse and defibrillation (n=124) | ||||
Attempted after 3 min | 51(50.5) | 9 (39) | 1.0 | |
Attempted within 3 min | 50 (49.5) | 14 (61) | 0.32 | 1.6 (0.63–3.99) |
Interval between collapse and advanced airway (n=90) | ||||
Secured after 5 min | 22 (43) | 18 (46) | 1.0 | |
Secured within 5 min | 29 (57) | 21 (54) | 0.77 | 1.13 (0.48–2.61) |
Interval between collapse and 1st dose of epinephrine (n=174) | ||||
Administered after 2 min | 53 (39) | 19 (51) | 1.0 | |
Administered within 2 min | 84 (61) | 18 (49) | 0.17 | 1.67 (0.8–3.47) |