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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest patients in the vasopressin and epinephrine groups

From: A treatment protocol including vasopressin and hydroxyethyl starch solution is associated with increased rate of return of spontaneous circulation in blunt trauma patients with pulseless electrical activity

 

Epinephrine (historical) group (N = 18)

Vasopressin (prospective) group (N = 13)

P value

Gender: male/female

14/4

10/3

0.99

Age

43.2 ± 19.9 (18–83)

44.9 ± 23.2

0.79

Location of arrest: public place/home/workplace

11/2/5

8/1/4

0.82

Mechanism of injury: traffic incident/fall-jump/blow-assault/other

7/6/3/2

6/4/2/1

0.78

Arrest witnessed: yes/no

13/5

9/4

0.99

Bystander CPR: yes/no

7/11

3/10

0.71

Response time: call to start with CPR (min)

8 ± 5

9 ± 4

0.93

Initial PETCO2 (kPa)

0.93 ± 0.58

0.98 ± 0.49

0.89

Initial MAP (mmHg) after ROSC

75.2 ± 12.2

94.5 ± 10.2

< 0.01

Resuscitation by medical team (min)

28.8 ± 8.9

18.6 ± 8.1

< 0.01

ROSC (%)

3/15 (17%)

11/13 (85%)

< 0.001

24-h survival rate (%)

2/18 (11%)

8/13 (62%)

0.001

Average volume of resuscitation (without HHS) (ml)

2,722 ± 951

1,744 ± 548

< 0.01

Average dose of epinephrine (mg)

7.8 ± 3.8

4.3 ± 2.7

< 0.01

ISS at admission: median (percentile 25 and 75)

24 (17, 27)

23 (16, 26)

0.95

Final MAP at admission (mmHg)

80.3 ± 12.4

100.4 ± 11.4

< 0.01

Final PETCO2 at admission (kPa)

2.8 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 0.9

< 0.01

Discharge alive from hospital

1/18 (6%)

4/13 (31%)

0.13

  1. CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, PETCO 2 end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, MAP mean arterial blood pressure, ROSC restoration of spontaneous circulation, ISS Injury Severity Score