From: Serum lactate as a predictor of early outcomes among trauma patients in Uganda
Characteristic per unit increase | Univariate model | Multivariate model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95%CI | pvalue | HR | 95%CI | pvalue | |
Lactate, mmol/l | ||||||
<2.0 | - | Reference | - | - | Reference | - |
≥2.0 | 4.33 | 0.96 to 19.51 | 0.06 | 3.70 | 0.81 to 16.80 | 0.09 |
≥4.0 | 31.15 | 7.56 to 128.42 | <0.001 | 18.53 | 4.29 to 80.00 | <0.001 |
KTS II | ||||||
>8 | - | Reference | - | - | Reference | - |
≤8 | 4.97 | 2.97 to 8.33 | <0.001 | 1.56 | 0.73 to 3.31 | 0.25 |
Sex | ||||||
Female | - | Reference | - | - | Reference | - |
Male | 1.84 | 0.84 to 4.07 | 0.13 | 1.46 | 0.63 to 3.38 | 0.38 |
Occupation | ||||||
Salaried/wage | - | Reference | - | - | Reference | - |
Student | 0.86 | 0.30 to 2.44 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.29 to 2.47 | 0.76 |
Peasant | 2.06 | 1.01 to 4.18 | 0.05 | 1.02 | 0.43 to 2.35 | 0.97 |
Business | 1.77 | 0.81 to 3.88 | 0.15 | 1.03 | 0.45 to 2.38 | 0.94 |
Boda-boda | 0.78 | 0.27 to 2.20 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.19 to 1.70 | 0.31 |
Others | 1.24 | 0.28 to 5.54 | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.09 to 5.27 | 0.72 |
Education level | ||||||
None | - | Reference | - | - | Reference | - |
Primary | 0.49 | 0.24 to 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.79 | 0.37 to 1.67 | 0.53 |
Secondary | 0.46 | 0.22 to 0.99 | 0.05 | 0.82 | 0.34 to 1.98 | 0.66 |
Tertiary | 0.44 | 0.18 to 1.08 | 0.07 | 0.85 | 0.28 to 2.63 | 0.78 |
Diastolic BP | 0.98 | 0.97 to 1.00 | 0.009 | 1.01 | 0.99 to 1.04 | 0.27 |
Systolic BP | 0.99 | 0.98 to 1.00 | 0.002 | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.01 | 0.52 |
Per 10 unit increase | ||||||
Pulse rate | 1.24 | 1.08 to 1.43 | 0.002 | 1.14 | 1.00 to 1.30 | 0.06 |
Respiratory rate | 2.42 | 1.79 to 3.28 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 0.77 to 1.98 | 0.38 |
SPO2 | 0.73 | 0.64 to 0.83 | <0.001 | 0.79 | 0.60 to 1.04 | 0.09 |