Disease/finding | Judgments Mean (SD) | LR: raw [Transformed] | Pvaluea | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Meningitis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
??1A. Presence of headache | 4.08 (2.23) | 1.10 [0.41] | P?<?0.001 | Overestimation [+]b |
??1B. Absence of nausea/vomiting | 0.16 (0.87) | 0.64 [? 1.93] | P?<?0.001 | Contradictory |
??1C. Presence of neck stiffness | 7.03 (2.17) | 1.10 [0.41] | P?<?0.001 | Overestimation [+] |
??1D. Presence of Brudzinski's sign | 6.00 (2.72) | 0.97 [? 0.13] | P?<?0.001 | Contradictory |
??1E. Presence of Kernig's sign | 6.51 (1.69) | 0.97 [? 0.13] | P?<?0.001 | Contradictory |
2. Myocardial infarction | Â | Â | Â | Â |
??2A. Presence of chest pain with radiation to both arms | 4.59 (2.63) | 4.10 [6.12] | P?=?0.043 | Underestimation [+] |
??2B. Absence of nausea/vomiting | ? 0.21 (0.80) | 0.87 [? 0.60] | P?=?0.091 | - |
??2C. Presence of sharp chest pain or stabbing | ? 0.47 (4.00) | 0.30 [? 5.22] | P?=?0.002 | Underestimation [?] |
??2D. Presence of any ST segment elevation | 7.62 (2.52) | 3.20 [5.05] | P?=?0.002 | Overestimation [+] |
??2E. Presence of any Q wave | 4.21 (3.40) | 3.90 [5.91] | P?=?0.074 | - |
3. Pneumonia (in a child) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
??3A. Presence of retraction | 5.31 (2.88) | 1.00 [0.00] | P?<?0.001 | Overestimation [+] |
??3B. Absence of tachypnea | ?3.06 (4.70) | 0.97 [?0.13] | P?=?0.030 | Overestimation [?] |
??3C. Presence of crackles | 4.96 (2.46) | 1.60 [2.04] | P?=?0.001 | Overestimation [+] |
??3D. Presence of grunting | 4.00 (2.74) | 2.70 [4.31] | P?=?0.665 | - |
??3E. Absence of fever | ?1.10 (3.02) | 0.07 [?1.19] | P?=?0.920 | - |
4. Thoracic aortic dissection | Â | Â | Â | Â |
??4A. Presence of history of hypertension | 4.33 (2.27) | 1.60 [2.04] | P?=?0.002 | Overestimation [+] |
??4B. Presence of focal neurologic deficit | 4.56 (2.60) | 14.75 [10c] | P?<?0.001 | Underestimation [+] |
??4C. Absence of pulse deficit | 0.45 (4.46) | 0.70 [?1.50] | P?=?0.104 | - |
??4D. Absence of enlarged aorta/wide mediastinum in chest X-ray (CXR) | 2.01 (4.81) | 0.30 [?5.22] | P?<?0.001 | Contradictory |
??4E. Absence of sudden chest pain | ?2.49 (4.19) | 0.30 [?5.22] | P?=?0.025 | Underestimation [?] |
5. Appendicitis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
??5A. Absence of anorexia | ?2.81 (2.58) | 0.64 [?1.93] | P?=?0.229 | - |
??5B. Presence of guarding | 4.90 (2.28) | 1.70 [2.30] | P?=?0.001 | Overestimation [+] |
??5C. Absence of rebound tenderness | ?1.27 (3.91) | 0.002 [?10d] | P?<?0.001 | Underestimation [?] |
??5D. Presence of psoas sign | 3.80 (2.80) | 2.40 [3.80] | P?=?0.999 | - |
??5E. White blood cell count of 12,000 | 3.82 (3.14) | 1.30 [1.13] | P?=?0.005 | Overestimation [+] |
6. Congestive heart failure | Â | Â | Â | Â |
??6A. Presence of third heart sound | 6.18 (2.15) | 11.00 [10e] | P?<?0.001 | Underestimation [+] |
??6B. Absence of cardiomegaly in CXR | ?3.89 (2.92) | 0.33 [?4.81] | P?=?0.258 | - |
??6C. Presence of interstitial edema in CXR | 5.77 (2.17) | 12.00 [10f] | P?<?0.001 | Underestimation [+] |
??6D. Presence of atrial fibrillation in EKG | 2.73 (2.89) | 3.80 [5.79] | P?=?0.001 | Underestimation [+] |
??6E. Presence of lateral EKG changes | 1.81 (2.15) | 2.20 [3.42] | P?=?0.012 | Underestimation [+] |