Figure 4

Critical decisions. Critical decisions made by the ambulance commander (AC) are shown above the timeline; those made by the medical commander (MC) are shown below. The decisions are categorized as standard (common in everyday work), typical (modifications to standard operating knowledge), or constructed (creative problem solving), as indicated by the size and color of the symbols [7]. Decisions marked by arrows (at 9 and 78 min) are joint decisions made after discussion between the two commanders.