Variable | Univariate model | Multivariate model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Odds ratio | 95 % CI | p value | Odds ratio | 95 % CI | p value |
Age | Â | Â | 0.18 | Â | Â | 0.17a |
 1st age quartile (18–44 years) | (Ref) | (Ref) |  | 1.88 | 1.00–3.54 |  |
 2nd age quartile (45–55 years) | 1.81 | 0.98–3.35 |  | 1.63 | 0.87–3.06 |  |
 3rd age quartile (56–68 years) | 1.75 | 0.95–3.20 |  | 1.17 | 0.61–2.24 |  |
 4th age quartile (69–101 years) | 1.28 | 0.68–2.40 |  |  |  |  |
Diastolic (<52 mmHg) | 4.66 | 1.71–12.71 | <0.01 | 4.59 | 1.57–13.39 | <0.01 |
Hemoglobin (<10 g/dL) | 1.48 | 0.87–2.51 | 0.15 |  |  |  |
Albumin (<3.5 g/dL) | 5.11 | 2.60–10.0 | <0.01 | 4.82 | 2.40–9.69 | <0.01 |
Bicarbonate (<20 mEq/L) | 1.88 | 0.90–3.92 | 0.09 |  |  |  |
Serum sodium (>145 mEq/L) | 2.03 | 0.85–4.79 | 0.11 |  |  |  |
Serum glucose (>300 or <60 mg/dL) | 0.63 | 0.27–1.43 | 0.27 |  |  |  |
Nursing home resident | 1.51 | 0.89–2.55 | 0.12 |  |  |  |
Race | Â | Â | 0.92 | Â | Â | Â |
 Hispanics | (Ref) | (Ref) |  |  |  |  |
 Blacks | 0.87 | 0.52–1.46 |  |  |  |  |
 Whites | 1.06 | 0.54–2.08 |  |  |  |  |
 Other | 1.08 | 0.58–2.01 |  |  |  |  |
Sex (women) | 1.19 | 0.78–1.80 | 0.42 |  |  |  |
Clinical suspicion for pneumonia in the ER | 1.37 | 0.87–2.15 | 0.17 |  |  |  |
Patient has a dialysis catheter | 0.73 | 0.16–3.29 | 0.68 |  |  |  |
History of DM | 0.84 | 0.54–1.32 | 0.46 |  |  |  |
History of CHF | 0.93 | 0.45–1.90 | 0.84 |  |  |  |
History of CAD | 1.41 | 0.77–2.58 | 0.26 |  |  |  |
History of liver diseaseb | 1.71 | 0.89–3.28 | 0.11 |  |  |  |
History of kidney diseasec | 1.46 | 0.79–2.73 | 0.23 |  |  |  |
History of obstructive lung diseased | 1.38 | 0.85–2.24 | 0.19 |  |  |  |
History of CVA | 1.79 | 0.96–3.32 | 0.06 |  |  |  |
History of AIDS | 2.44 | 1.05–5.64 | 0.04 |  |  |  |
History of cancer | 1.47 | 0.80–2.70 | 0.21 |  |  |  |
History of alcohol abuse | 1.24 | 0.52–2.96 | 0.62 |  |  |  |