Variable | Univariate model | Multivariate model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Odds ratio | 95 % CI | p value | Odds ratio | 95 % CI | p value |
Age | Â | Â | 0.32 | Â | Â | 0.39a |
 1st age quartile (18–44 years) | (Ref) | (Ref) |  | (Ref) | (Ref) |  |
 2nd age quartile (45–55 years) | 1.60 | 0.85–3.05 |  | 1.56 | 0.81–2.98 |  |
 3rd age quartile (56–68 years) | 1.61 | 0.86–3.00 |  | 1.43 | 0.75–2.71 |  |
 4th age quartile (69–101 years) | 1.14 | 0.59–2.19 |  | 1.01 | 0.52–1.97 |  |
Diastolic (<52 mmHg) | 3.13 | 1.09–9.00 | 0.03 |  |  |  |
Hemoglobin (<10 g/dL) | 1.21 | 0.68–2.14 | 0.51 |  |  |  |
Albumin (<3.5 g/dL) | 5.63 | 2.83–11.2 | <0.01 | 5.61 | 2.80–11.24 | <0.01 |
Bicarbonate (<20 mEq/L) | 1.81 | 0.84–3.89 | 0.13 |  |  |  |
Serum sodium (>145 mEq/L) | 2.09 | 0.88–4.94 | 0.09 |  |  |  |
Serum glucose (>300 or <60 mg/dL) | 0.64 | 0.23–1.47 | 0.30 |  |  |  |
Nursing home resident | 1.53 | 0.89–2.62 | 0.12 |  |  |  |
Race | Â | Â | 0.58 | Â | Â | Â |
 Hispanics | (Ref) | (Ref) |  |  |  |  |
 Blacks | 0.72 | 0.41–1.25 |  |  |  |  |
 Whites | 1.04 | 0.52–2.10 |  |  |  |  |
 Other | 1.13 | 0.60–2.13 |  |  |  |  |
Sex (women) | 1.23 | 0.79–1.89 | 0.35 |  |  |  |
Clinical suspicion for pneumonia in the ER | 1.31 | 0.82–2.09 | 0.26 |  |  |  |
Patient has a dialysis catheter | 0.81 | 0.18–3.73 | 0.79 |  |  |  |
History of DM | 0.78 | 0.49–1.25 | 0.30 |  |  |  |
History of CHF | 0.87 | 0.41–1.84 | 0.71 |  |  |  |
History of CAD | 1.22 | 0.65–2.30 | 0.54 |  |  |  |
History of liver diseaseb | 1.89 | 0.95–3.73 | 0.07 |  |  |  |
History of kidney diseasec | 1.14 | 0.58–2.24 | 0.70 |  |  |  |
History of obstructive lung diseased | 1.31 | 0.79–2.18 | 0.29 |  |  |  |
History of CVA | 1.81 | 0.96–3.42 | 0.07 |  |  |  |
History of AIDS | 2.68 | 1.15–6.26 | 0.02 |  |  |  |
History of cancer | 1.38 | 0.74–2.57 | 0.31 |  |  |  |
History of alcohol abuse | 1.40 | 0.58–3.35 | 0.45 |  |  |  |