Predictors of early progression to severe sepsis or shock among emergency department patients with nonsevere sepsis

Table 5 Predictor variables and their relationship with the reduced composite disease progression outcome among septic patients

Variable	Univariate model			Multivariate model
	Odds ratio	95 % CI	p value	Odds ratio	95 % CI	p value
Age			0.32			0.39^a
1st age quartile (18–44 years)	(Ref)	(Ref)		(Ref)	(Ref)
2nd age quartile (45–55 years)	1.60	0.85–3.05		1.56	0.81–2.98
3rd age quartile (56–68 years)	1.61	0.86–3.00		1.43	0.75–2.71
4th age quartile (69–101 years)	1.14	0.59–2.19		1.01	0.52–1.97
Diastolic (<52 mmHg)	3.13	1.09–9.00	0.03
Hemoglobin (<10 g/dL)	1.21	0.68–2.14	0.51
Albumin (<3.5 g/dL)	5.63	2.83–11.2	<0.01	5.61	2.80–11.24	<0.01
Bicarbonate (<20 mEq/L)	1.81	0.84–3.89	0.13
Serum sodium (>145 mEq/L)	2.09	0.88–4.94	0.09
Serum glucose (>300 or <60 mg/dL)	0.64	0.23–1.47	0.30
Nursing home resident	1.53	0.89–2.62	0.12
Race			0.58
Hispanics	(Ref)	(Ref)
Blacks	0.72	0.41–1.25
Whites	1.04	0.52–2.10
Other	1.13	0.60–2.13
Sex (women)	1.23	0.79–1.89	0.35
Clinical suspicion for pneumonia in the ER	1.31	0.82–2.09	0.26
Patient has a dialysis catheter	0.81	0.18–3.73	0.79
History of DM	0.78	0.49–1.25	0.30
History of CHF	0.87	0.41–1.84	0.71
History of CAD	1.22	0.65–2.30	0.54
History of liver disease^b	1.89	0.95–3.73	0.07
History of kidney disease^c	1.14	0.58–2.24	0.70
History of obstructive lung disease^d	1.31	0.79–2.18	0.29
History of CVA	1.81	0.96–3.42	0.07
History of AIDS	2.68	1.15–6.26	0.02
History of cancer	1.38	0.74–2.57	0.31
History of alcohol abuse	1.40	0.58–3.35	0.45

The reduced composite outcome includes respiratory failure, renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, or development of shock (see text for details)
CI confidence interval, DM diabetes mellitus, CHF congestive heart failure, CAD coronary artery disease, CVA cerebrovascular accident, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome, defined as a CD4 count <200
^aIncluded in the model a priori
^bLiver disease was defined as cirrhosis or a diagnosis of hepatitis B or C
^cKidney disease was defined as renal replacement therapy (dialysis) or creatinine >2
^dObstructive lung disease was defined as COPD or asthma

ISSN: 1865-1380