Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Controls: no transfusion in ED group (n = 204) | Cases: transfusion group (n = 204) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Matching criteria | |||
Age (years) | 62.4 (14.9) | 62.0 (15.3) | 0.78 |
Male, n (%) | 103 (50.5) | 96 (47.1) | 0.49 |
ED diagnosis, n (%) | |||
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 49 (24.0) | 45 (22.1) | 0.64 |
Infection | 44 (21.6) | 39 (19.1) | 0.54 |
Cardiaca | 20 (9.8) | 17 (8.3) | 0.61 |
Neurological injury | 20 (9.8) | 25 (12.3) | 0.43 |
Anemia | 20 (9.8) | 22 (10.8) | 0.74 |
Metabolicb | 11 (5.4) | 13 (6.4) | 0.67 |
Emergency surgery | 10 (4.9) | 13 (6.4) | 0.52 |
Liver disease | 8 (3.9) | 7 (3.4) | 0.79 |
Thrombocytopenia | 7 (3.4) | 8 (3.9) | 0.79 |
Hypotension | 6 (2.9) | 9 (4.4) | 0.43 |
Hemorrhage (other) | 5 (2.5) | 4 (2.0) | 0.74 |
Excessive anticoagulation | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1.0 |
Other | 3 (1.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.31 |
Hemoglobin | 9.6 (2.1) | 9.5 (2.3) | 0.87 |
Other baseline characteristics | |||
Race, n (%) | |||
Caucasian | 105 (51.5) | 114 (55.9) | 0.37 |
African-American | 96 (47.1) | 83 (40.7) | 0.19 |
Other | 3 (1.5) | 7 (3.4) | 0.20 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Diabetes | 83 (40.7) | 69 (33.8) | 0.15 |
Cirrhosis | 27 (13.2) | 50 (24.5) | 0.004 |
CHF | 42 (20.6) | 29 (14.2) | 0.09 |
Dialysis | 21 (10.3) | 8 (3.9) | 0.01 |
Malignancy | 66 (32.4) | 69 (33.8) | 0.75 |
COPD | 30 (14.7) | 28 (13.7) | 0.78 |
Immunosuppression | 36 (17.6) | 47 (23.0) | 0.18 |
Alcohol abuse | 29 (14.2) | 24 (11.8) | 0.46 |
Emergency surgery | 5 (2.5) | 3 (1.5) | 0.48 |
Height (in) | 66.5 (4.2) | 66.7 (4.5) | 0.62 |
Weight (kg) | 81.9 (27.9) | 78.5 (26.2) | 0.21 |
PBW (kg) | 62.6 (11.1) | 63.3 (12.0) | 0.57 |
BMI | 28.7 (9.3) | 27.4 (9.2) | 0.14 |
Temperature (celsius) | 36.8 (0.7) | 36.8 (0.8) | 0.43 |
RR | 18.6 (3.1) | 18.4 (2.8) | 0.68 |
SBP | 129.1 (33.6) | 122.7 (34.1) | 0.06 |
DBP | 72.5 (17.6) | 71.4 (17.6) | 0.53 |
Lactate (n = 161) | 1.5 (1.0–2.7) | 2.1 (1.2–3.6) | 0.04 |
Creatinine | 1.3 (0.8–2.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6 | 0.01 |
WBC | 10.2 (8.4) | 10.1 (6.6) | 0.88 |
Platelet | 213.6 (146.7) | 192.7 (146.5) | 0.15 |
INR | 1.6 (1.1) | 2.1 (1.7) | 0.001 |
Total bilirubin | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.001 |
Albumin | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.8) | 0.14 |
SOFAc | 4.0 (2.9) | 3.6 (2.7) | 0.25 |
Source of admission, n (%) | |||
Home | 151 (74.0) | 140 (68.6) | 0.23 |
Transferring facility | 35 (17.2) | 41 (20.1) | 0.45 |
Nursing home | 18 (8.8) | 23 (11.3) | 0.41 |
Sepsis, n (%) | 64 (31.4) | 73 (35.8) | 0.35 |
ED LOS (hours) | 7.1 (5.2–9.7) | 8.3 (6.0–11.9) | 0.01 |
Process of care variables | |||
Intravenous fluids in ED (liters) | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.6) | <0.001 |
Intubated in ED, n (%) | 15 (7.4) | 24 (11.8) | 0.13 |
Tidal volume, mL/kg PBW | 7.3 (6.4–9.0) | 8.5 (7.7–10.2) | 0.11 |
Central venous catheter, n (%) | 15 (7.4) | 41 (20.1) | <0.001 |
Arterial catheter, n (%) | 8 (3.9) | 8 (3.9) | 1.0 |
Antibiotics, n (%) | 78 (38.2) | 85 (41.7) | 0.48 |
Vasopressor infusion, n (%) | 16 (7.8) | 23 (11.3) | 0.24 |
Admitted to ICU, n (%) | 50 (24.5) | 84 (41.2) | <0.001 |