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Table 1 Characteristics of patients that sustained return of spontaneous circulation and those who survived till discharge

From: Outcomes following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an emergency department of a low- and middle-income country

 

Total (n = 468)

ROSC achieved (n = 128)

Survival to discharge (n = 35)

Age (years)

 Mean ± SD

56 ± 17

52 ± 18

49 ± 16

 Median (range)

60 (18–97)

53 (18–97)

48 (18–80)

Gender, n (%)

 Male

287 (61)

71 (55)

21 (60)

 Female

181 (39)

57 (45)

14 (40)

No. of co-morbidities, n (%)

 No

142 (30)

34 (27)

7 (20)

 One

144 (31)

43 (33)

13 (37)

 Two

142 (30)

44 (34)

13 (37)

 Greater than 2

40 (9)

7 (6)

2 (6)

CPC score, n(%)

 ≤ 2

452 (97)

124 (98)

34 (97)

 > 2

15 (3)

3 (2)

1 (3)

Initial cause of arrest, n (%)

 Cardiopulmonary

302 (65)

74 (58)

21 (60)

 Non-cardiopulmonary

166 (35)

54 (42)

14 (40)

Location of arrest, n (%)

 In-hospital (ED)

154 (33)

62 (48)

22 (63)

 Out-of-hospital

314 (67)

66 (52)

13 (37)

Witnessed arrest, n (%)

279 (60)

110 (86)

31 (89)

Bystander performed CPR, n (%)

158 (34)

67 (52)

22 (63)

First documented rhythm, n

 Non-shockable, n (%)

351

68

17

  Asystole

185 (40)

25 (20)

3 (9)

  Pulseless electrical activity

166 (35)

43 (34)

14 (40)

 Shockable, n (%)

117

60

18

  Ventricular fibrillation

81 (17)

43 (34)

15 (42)

  Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

36 (8)

17 (13)

3 (9)

No. of shocks given, n (%)

 0

351 (75)

67 (52)

17 (49)

 1–4

58 (12)

38 (30)

11 (31)

 > 4

59 (13)

23 (18)

7 (20)

Interval between collapse to start CPR (min), n (%)

 Mean ± SD

30 ± 22

15 ± 12

13 ± 12

 Median (range)

30 (1–90)

10 (1–60)

10 (1–60)

CPR duration (min), n (%)

 Mean ± SD

20 ± 9

22 ± 9

21 ± 9

 Median (range)

20 (5–50)

20 (5–40)

20 (10–40)

Doctors shift, n (%)

 Morning

179 (38)

54 (42)

14 (40)

 Evening

105 (22)

27 (21)

9 (26)

 Night

184 (39)

47 (37)

12 (34)

Team leader, n (%)

 Resident

311 (66)

85 (66)

24 (69)

 Staff

157 (34)

43 (34)

11 (31)

Initial serum glucose, n (%)

 Mean ± SD

185 ± 125

170 ± 106

151 ± 91

 Median (range)

133 (30–660)

133 (30–477)

127 (30–456)

Epinephrine, n (%)

 Less than 5 ampoules

315 (67)

73 (57)

20 (57)

 5 or more ampoules

153 (33)

55 (43)

15 (43)