Outcomes following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an emergency department of a low- and middle-income country

Table 2 Assessing for the predictors associated with return of spontaneous circulation (N = 128)

	ROSC achieved^a
	Unadjusted OR (CI)^b	Adjusted OR (CI)^c
Age groups
≤ 49	2.2 (1.5–3.4)**	2.2 (1.3–3.6)*
> 49	Ref	Ref
Patient’s gender
Females	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	–
Males	Ref	Ref
Co-morbidities
No co-morbidities	Ref	Ref
One co-morbidity	1.4 (0.8–2.3)	–
Two co-morbidities	1.4 (0.8–2.4)	–
More than two co-morbidities	0.7 (0.3–1.7)	–
Location of cardiac arrest
In-hospital (ED)	2.5 (1.7–3.9)**	–
Out-of-hospital	Ref	Ref
Witnessed arrest
Yes	6.2 (3.6–10.6)**	1.9 (1.1–3.7)*
No	Ref	Ref
Cause of cardiac arrest
Cardiopulmonary	Ref	Ref
Non-Cardiopulmonary	1.5 (0.1–2.3)	–
Initial cardiac rhythm during arrest
Shockable	4.4 (2.8–6.9)**	–
Non-shockable	Ref	Ref
Rhythm documented at the time of initiation of CPR:
Asystole	Ref	Ref
Pulseless electrical activity	2.2 (1.3–3.9)*	–
Ventricular fibrillation	7.2 (4.0–13.3)**	–
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia	5.7 (2.6–12.5)**	–
CPC score before cardiac arrest
≤ 2	1.5 (0.4–5.4)	–
> 2	Ref	Ref
Bystander performed CPR
Yes	3.0 (2.0–4.6)**	–
No	Ref	Ref
Time interval from collapse-to-start CPR duration
≤ 30 min	28.2 (10.2–78.1)**	14.6 (4.9–43.4)**
> 30 min	Ref	Ref
CPR duration
< 20 min	Ref	Ref
≥ 20 min	1.656 (1.081–2536)*	–
Number of shocks given
0	0.4 (0.2–0.7)*	0.8 (0.4–1.4)
1–4	3.0 (1.4–6.3)*	3.0 (1.4–6.4)*
> 4	Ref	Ref
Epinephrine
< 5 ampules	Ref	Ref
≥ 5 ampules	1.9 (1.2–2.8)*	–
Initial serum glucose		–
Doctor’s shift
Morning	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	–
Evening	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	–
Night	Ref	Ref
Team leader
Staff	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	–
Resident	Ref	Ref

^aROSC not achieved is the reference category, ^bUnivariate binary logistic regression, ^cMultivariate binary logistic regression.*p value< 0.05, **p value< 0.0001

ISSN: 1865-1380