From: Epidemiology of paediatric trauma in Norway: a single-trauma centre observational study
All ages | 0–4 years | 5–9 years | 10–14 years | 15–17 years | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n | 873 | 130 | 155 | 275 | 313 |
Injury Severity Score (ISS) | |||||
Median (IQR) | 4 (1–9) | 2,5 (1–9) | 4 (1–9) | 5 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) |
Minor injury ISS 1–8, n (%) | 599 (68) | 94 (72) | 110 (71) | 185 (67) | 210 (67) |
Moderate injury ISS 9–15, n (%) | 146 (17) | 22 (17) | 25 (16) | 54 (20) | 45 (14) |
Severe injury ISS > 15, n (%) | 128 (15) | 14 (11) | 20 (13) | 36 (13) | 58 (19) |
New Injury Severity Score (NISS) | |||||
Median (IQR) | 4 (1–12) | 3 (1–9) | 4 (1–10) | 5 (1–12) | 5 (1–14) |
Minor injury NISS 1–8, n (%) | 573 (65) | 92 (71) | 103 (67) | 175 (63) | 203 (65) |
Moderate injury NISS 9–15, n (%) | 129 (15) | 17 (13) | 27 (17) | 46 (17) | 39 (12) |
Severe injury NISS > 15, n (%) | 171 (20) | 21 (16) | 25 (16) | 54 (20) | 71 (23) |
Type of transportation to hospital | |||||
EMS, n (%) | 474 (54) | 62 (48) | 88 (57) | 141 (51) | 183 (59) |
HEMS, n (%) | 341 (39) | 60 (46) | 58 (37) | 109 (40) | 114 (36) |
Others, n (%) | 21 (3) | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | 9 (3) | 4 (1) |
Unknown/missing, n (%) | 37 (4) | 4 (3) | 5 (3) | 16 (6) | 12 (4) |
Days in hospital total, n (median) | 4075 (2) | 520 (1) | 622 (2) | 1050 (2) | 1883 (1) |
Days in ICU total, n (median) | 656 (0) | 106 (0) | 56 (0) | 179 (0) | 315 (0) |
Days on ventilator total, n (median) | 467 (0) | 48 (0) | 19 (0) | 86 (0) | 314 (0) |
Inter hospital transfers, n (%) | 52 (6) | 7 (5) | 5 (3) | 25 (9) | 15 (5) |
Mechanism of injury, n (%) | |||||
Transport | 532 (61) | 61 (47) | 101 (65) | 155 (56) | 215 (69) |
Violence | 28 (3) | 5 (4) | 2 (1) | 10 (4) | 11 (4) |
Fall | 233 (27) | 53 (41) | 43 (28) | 76 (28) | 61 (19) |
Others | 79 (9) | 11 (8) | 9 (6) | 33 (12) | 26 (8) |
Unknown/missing | 1 (< 1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (< 1) | 0 |
First key emergency intervention, total n | |||||
None | 808 | 119 | 147 | 256 | 286 |
Damage control thoracotomy | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Damage control laparotomy | 16 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 |
Limb revascularization | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Interventional radiology | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Craniotomy | 10 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 |
Intracranial pressure device insertion | 17 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
Unspecified emergency intervention | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
Unknown | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
Intubated prior to hospital arrival, n (%) | 54 (6) | 10 (8) | 11 (7) | 13 (5) | 20 (6) |
Thoracic drainage, n (%) | 22 (3) | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 5 (2) | 12 (4) |