Table 2 Comparison of patients with symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 with proven infection vs negative test result
From: Separating the wheat from the chaff—COVID-19 in a German emergency department: a case-control study
All (n = 314) | COVID-19 pos. (n = 43) | No-COVID-19 (n = 271) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical history positive for, n (%) | ||||
Cardiac | 208 (66.5) | 28 (65.1) | 180 (66.7) | 0.841 |
Pulmonary | 96 (30.7) | 10 (23.3) | 86 (31.9) | 0.256 |
LAE/thrombosis | 24 (7.7) | 2 (4.7) | 22 (8.1) | 0.423 |
Renal | 77 (24.6) | 4 (9.3) | 73 (27.0) | 0.012 |
Cancer | 84 (26.8) | 10 (23.3) | 74 (27.4) | 0.568 |
Smoker, n (%) | ||||
Never | 57 (18.2) | 9 (20.9) | 48 (17.7) | 0.611 |
Yes | 38 (12.1) | 1 (2.3) | 37 (13.7) | 0.034 |
Quitted | 31 (9.9) | 3 (7.0) | 28 (10.3) | 0.493 |
Unknown | 188 (59.9) | 30 (16.0) | 158 (58.3) | 0.154 |
Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Dyspnea | 151 (48.1) | 18 (41.9) | 133 (49.1) | 0.379 |
Sore throat | 26 (8.3) | 4 (9.3) | 22 (8.1) | 0.793 |
Cough | 134 (42.7) | 24 (55.8) | 110 (40.6) | 0.061 |
Fever | 172 (54.8) | 27 (62.8) | 145 (53.5) | 0.256 |
Headache | 26 (8.3) | 5 (11.6) | 21 (7.7.) | 0.391 |
Fatigue | 162 (51.6) | 22 (51.2) | 140 (51.7) | 0.920 |
Myalgia | 47 (15.0) | 5 (11.6) | 42 (15.5) | 0.509 |
Chest pain | 22 (7.0) | 1 (2.3) | 21 (7.7) | 0.196 |
Nausea | 68 (21.7) | 5 (11.6) | 63 (23.2) | 0.086 |
Diarrhea | 74 (23.6) | 11 (25.6) | 63 (23.2) | 0.738 |
Dysgeusia | 10 (3.2) | 6 (14.0) | 4 (1.5) | 0.001 |
Treatment, n (%) | ||||
O2 therapy | 95 (30.4) | 18 (41.9) | 77 (28.5) | 0.077 |
Ventilator | 12 (3.8) | 3 (7.0) | 9 (3.3) | 0.278 |
Intensive care | 54 (17.2) | 4 (9.3) | 50 (18.5) | 0.140 |
Intermediate care | 28 (8.9) | 4 (9.3) | 24 (8.9) | 0.924 |
Time of admission | 7.3 (7.2) | 8.6 (8.3) | 7.1 (7.0) | 0.214 |
Vital parameters | ||||
Respiratory rate/min (± SD) | 22 (± 8) | 23 (± 7) | 22 (± 8) | 0.149 |
Heart rate/min (± SD) | 97 (± 22) | 93 (± 17) | 97 (± 23) | 0.271 |
Saturation, O2 in % (± SD) | 94 (± 7) | 95 (± 4) | 94 (± 7) | 0.479 |
Temperature in °C (± SD) | 37.2 (± 1.3) | 37.3 (± 1.0) | 37.2 (± 1.3) | 0.916 |
BP systolic in mmHg (± SD) | 132 (± 26) | 137 (± 25) | 131 (± 26) | 0.172 |
BP diastolic in mmHg (± SD) | 80 (± 21) | 84 (± 18) | 80 (± 21) | 0.250 |
Laboratory values | ||||
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 8.96 (± 8.41) | 8.28 (± 5.71) | 9.07 (± 8.78) | 0.446 |
Procalcitonin, μg/L (± SD) | 3.96 (± 28.26) | 0.68 (± 1.98) | 4.51 (± 30.52) | 0.429 |
Troponin I, μg/L (± SD) | 360.42 (± 3846.98) | 81.03 (± 286.99) | 410.94 (± 4178.37) | 0.656 |
LDH, U/L (± SD) | 398.70 (± 427.95) | 435.31 (± 268.11) | 393.03 (± 447.75) | 0.567 |
Creatinine, mg/dL (± SD) | 1.37 (± 1.18) | 1.20 (± 0.93) | 1.40 (± 1.22) | 0.309 |
GFR, mL/min (± SD) | 56 (± 23) | 59 (± 21) | 55 (± 23) | 0.385 |
D-dimer, mg/L (± SD) | 4.45 (± 7.97) | 4.52 (± 8.15) | 4.44 (± 7.96) | 0.957 |
WBC/mm3 (± SD) | 11.25 (± 14.77) | 8.01 (± 4.24) | 11.75 (± 15.74) | 0.127 |
Lymphocytes/mm3 (± SD) | 1.96 (± 7.59) | 1.17 (± 1.44) | 2.10 (± 8.22) | 0.538 |