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Table 2 Primary outcomes based on all patients included in the study

From: Implementation of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) inhalation as the first-line treatment for nausea in the emergency department: practical advantages and influence on the quality of care

Outcome

Baseline phase (n=106)

IPA implementation phase (n=104)

p-value

Patients receiving anti-emetic treatment in the ED;

mean (%), number

66.0 (70)

97.1 (101)

<0.001†

Time to treatment; median (IQR), minutes

7 (10)

1 (5)

<0.001*

Administration of conventional anti-emetics in the ED; mean (95% CI), number of administrations/patient

0.52 (0.43 – 0.63)

0.23 (0.14 – 0.32)

<0.001*

Cost (Euro)

1.33

0.67

 
  1. IQR interquartile range, CI confidence interval
  2. *Mann-Whitney
  3. Pearson chi-square