Table 1 Kirkpatrick 4-step assessment model

1

Reaction: the degree that participants enjoyed the training

Simulation evaluation forms: pre-questionnaire and post-questionnaire

2

Learning: the degree that participants gained knowledge, skills, and confidence by participating in the study

Skill evaluation forms: pre-test and post-test

3

Behavior: the degree that participants applied what they gained from the training

Skill evaluation forms during simulation and by 6-month follow-up survey

4

Results: the degree that targeted outcomes occur as a result of training

Six-month follow-up survey