Characteristics | Appropriate antibiotics N=323 | Inappropriate antibiotics N=270 | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 70.7±16.91 | 67±18.02 | 0.62 |
Gender | |||
Male, n (%) | 151 (46.7%) | 115 (42.6%) | 0.31 |
Underlying conditions, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 183 (56.7%) | 140 (51.9%) | 0.24 |
Diabetes mellitus | 115 (35.6%) | 100 (37%) | 0.72 |
Chronic kidney disease | 86 (26.6%) | 69 (25.6%) | 0.77 |
Heart disease | 88 (27.2%) | 50 (18.5%) | 0.01 |
Liver disease | 35 (10.8%) | 25 (9.3%) | 0.53 |
Immunocompromised | 111 (34.4%) | 101 (37.4%) | 0.44 |
Vital signs at triage, mean ± SD | |||
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 133.18±32.25 | 129.26±29.25 | 0.125 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.84±15.58 | 70.86±13.77 | 0.42 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 108.05±23.21 | 107.38±20 | 0.72 |
Body temperature (°C) | 38.28±1.1 | 38.32±0.99 | 0.57 |
Respiratory rate (bpm) | 24.78±5.1 | 23.07±4.38 | < 0.001 |
Oxygen saturation (%) | 94.38±7.5 | 97.07±2.98 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory results, mean ± SD | |||
White blood cell counta (× 103) | 10.0 (6.7, 13.7) | 9.95 (6.8, 13.2) | 0.95 |
Platelet counta (×103) | 207.0 (147, 280) | 211.5 (154, 284) | 0.90 |
Serum creatininea | 0.98 (0.72, 1.48) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.39) | 0.50 |
Initial serum lactate (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 2.54±1.61 | 2.41±1.61 | 0.36 |
qSOFA scorea | 1 (1,1) | 1 (0,1) | < 0.001 |
SOFA scorea | 1 (0,3) | 1 (0,3) | 0.24 |
Severity | |||
Sepsis, n (%) | 295 (91.3%) | 245 (90.7%) | 0.80 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 28 (8.7%) | 25 (9.3%) | |
Time triage to antibioticsa (minutes) | 39 (30, 50) | 73 (55, 101) | < 0.001 |
Fluids in first houra (mL) | 80 (80, 400) | 100 (80, 400) | < 0.001 |