Table 1 The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with hyperkalemia
Variables | Frequency (%) | |
|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 28 (41.8) |
Female | 39 (58.2) | |
Age (mean ± SD): 63.90 ± 15.13 | ||
Smoking status | Current smoker | 15 (22.4) |
Ex-smoker | 8 (11.9) | |
Non-smoker | 44 (65.7) | |
Place the patient came from | Home | 49 (73.1) |
Transfer from another clinic | 18 (26.9) | |
Mode of transport to the emergency department | Walking | 18 (26.9) |
Private car | 30 (44.8) | |
ambulance | 19 (28.4) | |
Comorbidities | HTN | 48 (71.6) |
DM | 45 (67.2) | |
Chronic renal disease | 43 (64.2) | |
IHD | 17 (25.4) | |
CHF | 13 (19.4) | |
Hypothyroidism | 6 (9.0) | |
Stroke | 5 (7.5) | |
Gout | 5 (7.5) | |
Arterial fibrillation | 5 (7.5) | |
Venous thromboembolism | 4 (6.0) | |
COPD | 1 (1.5) | |
Patients on regular dialysis | 16 (23.9) | |
Medications | ACEIs | 21 (31.3) |
ARBs | 19 (28.4) | |
Beta-blockers | 35 (52.2) | |
CCBs | 28 (41.8) | |
Aspirin | 34 (50.8) | |
Other NSAIDs | 2 (3.0) | |
LMWH or unfractured heparin | 5 (7.5) | |
Warfarin | 5 (7.5) | |
PPIs | 39 (58.2) | |
Statins | 43 (64.2) | |
Metformin | 12 (17.9) | |
Insulin | 23 (34.3) | |
Levothyroxine | 6 (9.0) | |
Allopurinol | 4 (6.0) | |
Cortisol | 5 (7.5) | |
Loop diuretics | 15 (22.4) | |
Thiazide diuretics | 7 (10.5) | |
Potassium-sparing diuretics | 3 (4.5) | |
Digitalis | 2 (3.0) | |
Clopidogrel | 8 (11.9) | |