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Table 1 Characteristics of each EMS participating site

From: Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest management and outcomes in a low-resource emergency medical service system: a perspective from Thailand

Participating site

Urban capital

Suburban capital

Regional

City

Bangkok

Bangkok

Chiang Mai

Service area population

1,200,000

103,800

50,000

Population density (per km2)

15,000

8650

8300

Ambulance:population ratio

1:68,100

1:50,000

1:25,000

Annual number of EMS call

1200

900

750

Type of providers

 ALS

Physician, ENP, EMT-B

ENP, EMT-B

Physician, paramedic, nurse, EMT

 BLS

EMT-B or EMR

EMT-B or EMR

EMT or EMR

  1. Abbreviations: ALS advanced life support, BLS basic life support, EMS emergency medical services, EMT emergency medical technician, EMT-B emergency medical technician-basic, EMR emergency medical responder, ENP emergency nurse practitioner