Table 2 Characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 outbreak groups
Characteristics | Total (N = 691) n (%) | Pre-COVID-19 outbreak (2019) (n = 341) n (%) | COVID-19 outbreak (2020) (n = 350) n (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), years | 63.07 (18.9) | 62.7 (18.5) | 63.4 (19.4) | 0.387 |
Age > 65 years | 352 (50.9) | 164 (48.1) | 188 (53.7) | 0.140 |
Male | 418 (60.5) | 210 (61.6) | 208 (59.4) | 0.562 |
Past medicine history | ||||
Heart disease | 122 (17.7) | 52 (15.2) | 70 (20) | 0.102 |
Diabetes | 161 (23.3) | 79 (23.2) | 82 (23.4) | 0.935 |
Hypertension | 232 (33.6) | 113 (33.1) | 119 (34) | 0.810 |
Respiratory | 51 (7.4) | 28 (8.2) | 23 (6.6) | 0.410 |
Hyperlipidemia | 73 (10.6) | 27 (7.9) | 46 (13.1) | 0.025 |
Stroke | 49 (7.1) | 20 (5.9) | 29 (8.3) | 0.215 |
Others | 266 (38.5) | 132 (38.7) | 134 (38.3) | 0.909 |
Unknown | 142 (20.5) | 78 (22.9) | 64 (18.3) | 0.136 |
EMS utilized | 515 (74.5) | 254 (74.5) | 261 (74.6) | 0.980 |
Location | 0.155 | |||
Home residence | 498 (72.1) | 239 (70.1) | 259 (74) | |
Public location | 127 (18.4) | 62 (18.2) | 65 (18.6) | |
Others | 66 (9.6) | 40 (11.7) | 26 (7.4) | |
Arrest witnessed (missing = 63) | 403 (64.2) | 199 (65.7) | 204 (62.8) | 0.448 |
Bystander CPR (missing = 63) | 252 (40.1) | 133 (43.9) | 119 (36.6) | 0.063 |
Bystander using public AED (missing = 147) | 29 (5.3) | 14 (5.2) | 15 (5.5) | 0.865 |
First arrest rhythm (missing = 26) | 0.083 | |||
Asystole | 381 (57.3) | 188 (57.5) | 193 (57.1) | |
Ventricular fibrillation | 65 (9.8) | 26 (8) | 39 (11.5) | |
Ventricular tachycardia | 5 (0.8) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | |
Pulseless electrical activity | 133 (20.0) | 71 (21.7) | 62 (18.3) | |
Unknown shockable rhythm | 15 (2.3) | 12 (3.7) | 3 (0.9) | |
Unknown unshockable rhythm | 17 (2.6) | 6 (1.8) | 11 (3.3) | |
Unknown | 49 (7.4) | 21 (6.4) | 28 (8.3) | |
First arrest rhythm groups, n (%) (missing = 26) | 0.629 | |||
Shockable rhythm group | 85 (12.8) | 41 (12.5) | 44 (13) | |
Unshockable rhythm group | 531 (79.8) | 265 (81) | 266 (78.7) | |
Unknown | 49 (7.4) | 21 (6.4) | 28 (8.3) | |
Cause of arrest (missing = 127) | 0.208 | |||
Presumed cardiac etiology | 320 (56.7) | 165 (61.1) | 155 (52.7) | |
Respiratory | 140 (24.8) | 62 (23) | 78 (26.5) | |
Electrocution | 10 (1.8) | 6 (2.2) | 4 (1.4) | |
Drowning | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | |
Others | 92 (16.3) | 36 (13.3) | 56 (19) | |
Post arrest care (missing = 39) | ||||
Emergency PCI performed | 15 (2.3) | 9 (2.7) | 6 (1.9) | 0.462 |
Hypothermia therapy initiated | 5 (0.8) | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0.187 |
ECMO therapy initiated | 6 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 4 (1.2) | 0.395 |