Table 3 Prehospital care management in EMS utilized patients of pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 outbreak groups

First responder dispatch (missing = 1)

330 (64.2)

180 (70.9)

150 (57.7)

0.002

First responder response interval (median, IQR) (missing = 186)

7.2 (4.1–11.5)

5.31 (3.2–9.3)

10 (6–14)

< 0.001

First responder response within 4 min (missing = 186)

63 (19.1)

52 (29.1)

11 (7.3)

< 0.001

EMS response interval (median, IQR) (missing = 6)

10 (7–15)

10 (7–14)

10 (7–15)

0.563

EMS response within 8 min, (missing = 6)

128 (25.1)

56 (22.5)

72 (27.7)

0.176

Scene time interval (median, IQR) (missing = 9)

16 (10–24)

17 (10.4–24.7)

16 (10–23)

0.238

First arrest rhythm

(missing = 25)

0.083

 Asystole

298 (60.8)

145 (60.4)

153 (61.2)

 Ventricular fibrillation

43 (8.8)

18 (7.5)

25 (10)

 Ventricular tachycardia

2 (0.4)

2 (0.8)

0 (0)

 Pulseless electrical activity

75 (15.3)

41 (17.1)

34 (13.6)

 Unknown shockable rhythm

14 (2.9)

11 (4.6)

3 (1.2)

 Unknown non-shockable rhythm

15 (3.1)

5 (2.1)

10 (4)

 Unknown

43 (8.8)

18 (7.5)

25 (10)

First arrest rhythm groups (missing = 25)

0.554

 Shockable rhythm

59 (12.0)

31 (12.9)

28 (11.2)

 Non-shockable rhythm

388 (79.2)

191 (79.6)

197 (78.8)

 Unknown

43 (8.8)

18 (7.5)

25 (10)

Prehospital defibrillation

106 (20.6)

51 (20.1)

55 (21.1)

0.780

Mechanical CPR (missing = 30)

241 (49.7)

114 (47.5)

127 (51.8)

0.340

Prehospital advanced airway (missing = 30)

307 (63.3)

177 (73.8)

130 (53.1)

< 0.001

Prehospital intubation

278 (57.3)

160 (66.7)

118 (48.2)

< 0.001

Prehospital supraglottic airway devices

29 (6.0)

17 (7.1)

12 (4.9)

0.302

Prehospital drug administration (missing = 31)

363 (75.0)

190 (79.5)

173 (70.6)

0.024

ROSC at scene (missing = 30)

99 (20.4)

54 (22.5)

45 (18.4)

0.259

ROSC at scene in shockable-rhythm group (n = 59)

12 (20.3)

8 (25.8)

4 (14.3)

0.272

Pronounced dead at scene

135 (26.2)

60 (23.6)

75 (28.8)

0.178