Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Patient-centered care in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis

Author (year)

Country

Study objective

Study design

Study population

Sample size

Quality score

Nicholas (2020) [26]

Canada

To determine how patient and family-centered care is demonstrated in the ED for children with autism

Semi-structured interviews

Parents and family members of children with autism spectrum disorder, from two large Canadian EDs; ED-based health care providers

53 (10 physicians, 12 nurses, 31 parents of patients)

75%

Innes (2018) [27]

Australia

To identify the activities and behaviors, including patient-centered care behaviours, of waiting room nurses (WRN) in the ED

Observational study

WRN from two EDs

8 WRN observed across 13 sessions

66.6%

Polevoi (2013) [28]

USA

To compare a traditional resident consultation model with a co-management model, where the psychiatric consultation and liaison service assumes full responsibility for providing direct psychiatric care, to reduce length of stay for patients with psychiatric emergencies in the ED

Prospective cohort study

Patients in a 29-bed urban academic ED between 2007 and 2009

1884 patient visits

66.6%

Frank (2009 B) [29]

Sweden

Interviews to describe patients’ perceptions of patient participation in their care in the ED

Phenomenographic study

Patients who attended one metropolitan ED in 2006

9 patients interviewed

66.6%

Frank (2009 A) [30]

Sweden

Interviews to describe care giver’s perceptions of patient participation in their care in the ED

Phenomenographic study

Health care providers in one metropolitan ED

11 health care providers (4 registered nurses, 4 auxiliary nurses, 3 physicians)

75%

Steven (2015) [31]

USA

To determine how the CARES unit, a crisis stabilization unit, influences length of stay and costs for psychiatric patients in the pediatric ED

Retrospective, chart review

All psychiatric patients presenting to the ED of a children’s hospital between 2006 and 2008

1719 patients pre-CARES and 1863 patients post-CARES

66.6%

Wilhelm (2007) [32]

Australia

To examine the effectiveness of the clinic (a novel brief intervention service for patients presenting to the emergency department following deliberate self harm—DSH—or with suicidal ideation) in terms of service utilization and patient and clinician feedback and to explore the correlates of repeated DSH

Retrospective, chart review

Patients with deliberate self-harm or suicidal ideation who presented at an emergency department and got a “green card,” a referral to the clinic

456 patients were referred to the clinic

33.3%

Walker (2016) [33]

UK

To explore nursing interventions for person-centered bereavement care in adult acute and critical care settings; Provide insight into nurses’ experiences of care for the suddenly bereaved; Examine the provision of person-centred bereavement care; Inform the development of person-centeredness in practice

Descriptive exploratory study

Nurses who work in hospital areas where patient death is common and they participate in bereavement care, e.g., emergency/acute care, critical care, cardiac care

10 (4 emergency care nurses, 4 critical care nurses, 2 cardiac care nurses)

91.6%

Trethewey (2019) [34]

UK

To evaluate the activities of the psychiatric decisions unit (PDU) and its impact on the frequency of ED presentations and inpatient admissions, and patient satisfaction with the PDU services

Quasi-experimental study

Psychiatric patients referred to the PDU either by a street triage team or a rapid assessment interface and discharge team

385 patients referred to the PDU; 80 patients provided feedback on satisfaction with the PDU

50%

Zeller (2014) [35]

USA

To assess the effects of a regional dedicated emergency psychiatric facility design—the Alameda Model—on boarding times and hospitalization rates for psychiatric patients in the ED

Cross-sectional

Patients who presented to the ED on an involuntary mental health hold

144 patients

83.3%

Wang (2016) [36]

Taiwan

To explore the medical decision-making process of patients in the ED

Grounded theory, interviews

Patients of an ED between June-December 2011

30 patients interviewed

75%

Heifetz (2018) [37]

Canada

To evaluate communication tools to be used by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in psychiatric and general EDs in three regions of Ontario, Canada

Descriptive study, evaluation

Stakeholders (e.g., hospital staff, community agency representatives, families) and individuals with IDD

18 stakeholders completed interviews

28 caregivers, parents, and individuals with IDD completed feedback questionnaires

58.3%

Owens (2007) [38]

USA

To define exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) among adult female patients in emergency psychiatric settings and the relationship between the dependent variable of disclosure of IPV in a psychiatric emergency setting to clinical staff and the independent variable of perception of the provider by respondents

Descriptive, exploratory

Adult women who present for emergency psychiatric evaluation who have experienced a form of IPV

216 patients

75%