Table 1 Patients’ characteristics and univariate associations with favorable neurological outcome
Study variable | N = 22,416 | Favorable neurological outcome | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
EMS arrival interval (min) | Median = 5.5 (4.2–6.9) | rpb = 0.05a | < 0.01 |
Age (years) | Median = 69 (57–81) | rpb = 0.13b | < 0.01 |
Sex | |||
 Female | 8109 (36.2%) | 395 (4.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Male | 14,307 (63.8%) | 1234 (8.6%) |  |
Location of arrest | |||
 Non-public | 19,167 (85.5%) | 946 (4.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Public | 3249 (14.5%) | 683 (21.0%) |  |
Bystander witnessed | |||
 Unwitnessed | 12,845 (57.3%) | 325 (2.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Witnessed | 9571 (42.7%) | 1304 (13.6%) |  |
Bystander CPR | |||
 No | 12,013 (53.6%) | 568 (4.7%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 10,403 (46.4%) | 1061 (10.2%) |  |
Initial rhythm | |||
 Nonshockable | 17,229 (76.9%) | 328 (1.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Shockable | 5187 (23.1%) | 1301 (25.1%) |  |
Chest compression rate per min | |||
 50–99 | 3599 (16.1%) | 196 (5.4%) |  |
 100–120 | 17,705 (78.9%) | 1370 (7.7%) | < 0.001 |
 > 120 | 1112 (5.0%) | 63 (5.7%) |  |
Advanced airway | |||
 No | 4958 (22.1%) | 597 (36.6%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 17,458 (77.9%) | 1032 (5.9%) |  |
Admin of Epinephrine | |||
 No | 3950 (17.6%) | 899 (22.8%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 18,466 (82.4%) | 730 (4.0%) |  |
Hypothermia management | |||
 No | 18,906 (84.3%) | 629 (3.3%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 3510 (15.7%) | 1000 (28.5%) |  |