Table 1 Comparison of OHTCA and IHCAT patients
From: Comparison of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of trauma patients in Qatar
Variable | OHTCA N=410 | IHCAT N=199 | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (median, IQR) (Mann-Whitney U t-test) | 33.0 (27–46) | 33.5 (25–48.3) | 1.0 (0.99–1.02) p = 0.83 | - |
Missing | 118 (28.8%) | 29 (14.6%) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 377 (91.9%) | 180 (90.4%) | Reference | |
Female | 29 (7.1%) | 17 (8.5%) | 0.82 (0.44–1.52) p = 0.52 | |
Missing | 4 (1.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | ||
Location | Overall p = 0.47 | - | ||
Road | 303 (74.0%) | 146 (73.4%) | Reference | |
Home | 21 (5.1%) | 15 (7.5%) | 1.48 (0.74–2.96) p = 0.26 | |
Workplace | 42 (10.2%) | 22 (11.1%) | 1.09 (0.62–1.89) p = 0.77 | |
Public place | 40 (9.8%) | 14 (7.1%) | 0.73 (0.38–1.38) p = 0.33 | |
Missing | 4 (1.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | ||
Ethnicity | Overall p = 0.04 | - | ||
Middle Eastern | 103 (25.1%) | 60 (30.2%) | Reference | |
Caucasian | 10 (2.4%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.34 (0.07–1.62) p = 0.18 | |
South Asian | 154 (37.6%) | 92 (46.2%) | 1.03 (0.68–1.55) p = 0.90 | |
Far Eastern | 12 (3.0%) | 17 (8.5%) | 2.43 (1.09–5.44) p = 0.03 | |
African | 15 (3.7%) | 4 (2.0%) | 0.46 (0.15–1.44) p = 0.18 | |
Missing | 116 (28.3%) | 24 (12.1%) | ||
Injury characteristics | ||||
Mechanism of injury | Overall p = 0.33 | - | ||
Motor vehicle collision | 172 (42.0%) | 77 (38.7%) | Reference | |
Falls | 57 (13.9%) | 41 (20.6%) | 1.61 (1.0–2.60) p = 0.05 | |
Pedestrian | 119 (29.0%) | 55 (27.6%) | 1.03 (0.68–1.57) p = 0.88 | |
Vulnerable road users | 14 (3.4%) | 5 (2.5%) | 0.80 (0.28–2.30) p = 0.68 | |
Others | 48 (11.7%) | 21 (10.6%) | 0.98 (0.55–1.74) p = 0.94 | |
Type of injury | ||||
Blunt | 383 (93.4%) | 191 (96.0%) | Reference | |
Penetrating | 23 (5.6%) | 7 (3.5%) | 0.61 (0.26–1.45) p = 0.26 | |
Missing | 4 (1.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
Head injury | 271 (66.1%) | 120 (60.3%) | 0.77 (0.54–1.1) p = 0.15 | - |
Missing | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | ||
Spinal injury | 28 (6.8%) | 40 (20.1%) | 3.43 (2.04–5.76) p <0.00 | 3.5 (1.5–8.3) p = 0.004 |
Chest injury | 40 (9.8%) | 44 (22.1%) | 2.62 (1.64–4.19) p <0.00 | - |
Abdominal injury | 67 (16.3%) | 70 (35.2%) | 2.78 (1.88–4.11) p <0.00 | 2.0 (1.0–3.8) p = 0.037 |
Hypovolemia | 138 (33.7%) | 91 (45.7%) | 1.66 (1.18–2.35) p = 0.004 | - |
Hypoxia | 186 (45.4%) | 84 (42.4%) | 0.88 (0.63–1.24) p = 0.46 | - |
Pre-hospital GCS (Mean ± SD) | 3.44 ± 1.9 | 6.56 ± 4.68 | 1.34 (1.25–1.43) p <0.00 | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) p <0.00 |
Missing | 19 (4.6%) | 0 | ||
Cardiac arrest features | ||||
Initial shockable rhythm | 12 (2.9%) | 15 (7.5%) | 3.51 (1.6–7.7) p = 0.002 | - |
Missing | 61 (14.9%) | 64 (32.2%) | ||
Cardiac re-arrest | 97 (23.7%) | 103 (51.8%) | 3.36 (2.3–4.8) p <0.00 | 5.97 (3.3–10.8) p <0.00 |
Missing | 9 (2.2%) | 0 | ||
Outcome | ||||
Survival | 10 (2.4%) | 15 (7.5%) | 3.26 (1.4–7.4) p = 0.005 | 6.3 (1.3– 31.2) p = 0.025 |