From: Poisoning with central stimulant drugs: an observational study from Oslo, Norway
Amphetamine n (%) | Cocaine n (%) | MDMA n (%) | Multiple n (%) | Total n (%) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiac arresta | 1 (0.8) | 1 (3.1) | - | 3 (6.0) | 5 (2.4) | 0.20 |
Tachypnoea (RR ≥ 20/min)a | 33 (27.3) | 11 (34.4) | 3 (37.5) | 20 (40.0) | 67 (31.8) | 0.41 |
Bradypnoea (RR < 10/min)a | 9 (7.4) | 1 (3.1) | - | 4 (8.0) | 14 (6.6) | 0.88 |
Tachycardia (HR ≥ 100/min)a | 30 (24.8) | 17 (53.1) | 5 (62.5) | 17 (34.0) | 69 (32.7) | 0.005 |
Bradycardia (HR < 50/min)a | 12 (9.9) | 1 (3.1) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (6.0) | 17 (8.1) | 0.46 |
Hypertension (SBP ≥ 180 mmHg) | 11 (9.1) | 10 (31.3) | 4 (50.0) | 7 (14.0) | 32 (15.2) | 0.001 |
Hypotension (SBP ≤ 90 mmHg) | 19 (15.7) | 4 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | 8 (16.0) | 32 (15.2) | 0.97 |
Hyperthermia (tp ≥ 39.0 °C) | 8 (6.6) | 2 (6.3) | - | 1 (2.0) | 11 (5.2) | 0.68 |
Level of consciousnessa,b | 0.035 | |||||
GCS score 15 | 31 (26.5) | 16 (50.0) | 3 (37.5) | 11 (22.9) | 61 (29.8) | |
GCS score 8–14 | 43 (36.8) | 10 (31.3) | 5 (62.5) | 18 (37.5) | 76 (37.1) | |
GCS score ≤ 7 | 43 (36.8) | 5 (18.8) | - | 19 (39.6) | 68 (33.2) | |
Vomiting | 8 (6.6) | 5 (15.6) | - | 8 (16.0) | 21 (10.0) | 0.15 |
Headache | 11 (9.1) | 5 (15.6) | - | 2 (4.0) | 18 (8.5) | 0.29 |
Anxiety | 66 (54.5) | 22 (68.8) | 6 (75.0) | 31 (62.0) | 125 (59.2) | 0.37 |
Hallucinations | 15 (12.4) | 8 (25.0) | 4 (50.0) | 11 (22.0) | 38 (18.0) | 0.021 |
Agitation | 51 (42.1) | 12 (37.5) | 4 (50.0) | 25 (50.0) | 92 (43.6) | 0.66 |
Psychosis | 10 (8.3) | 5 (15.6) | - | 6 (12.0) | 21 (10.0) | 0.51 |
Seizures | 12 (9.9) | 3 (9.4) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (12.0) | 22 (10.4) | 0.92 |
Palpitations | 4 (3.3) | 4 (12.5) | - | 2 (4.0) | 10 (4.7) | 0.21 |
Chest pain | 5 (4.1) | 7 (21.9) | - | 4 (8.0) | 16 (7.6) | 0.016 |
Arrhythmias | 5 (4.1) | 8 (25.0) | - | 5 (10.0) | 18 (8.5) | 0.005 |
Hyperlactataemia (≥ 3.0 mmol/L)a | 9 (7.4) | 9 (28.1) | 1 (12.5) | 9 (18.0) | 28 (13.3) | 0.011 |
Total | 121 (100) | 32 (100) | 8 (100) | 50 (100) | 211 (100) |