Table 1 Patient characteristics by high-flow nasal cannula success status
Success (n = 52) | Failure (n = 23) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 17 (32.7) | 9 (39.1) | 0.589 |
Age, years | 69.6 ± 17.4 | 68.0 ± 18.6 | 0.718 |
Underlying diseases | |||
Respiratory disease | 43 (82.7) | 17 (73.9) | 0.273 |
Cardiovascular disease | 36 (69.2) | 18 (78.3) | 0.422 |
Diabetes mellitus | 28 (53.8) | 12 (52.2) | 0.894 |
Hypertension | 14 (26.9) | 12 (52.2) | 0.034 |
Chronic kidney disease | 40 (76.9) | 19 (82.6) | 0.579 |
Initial vital signs | |||
Systolic blood pressure | 148.0 ± 26.1 | 139.7 ± 30.4 | 0.233 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 75.6 ± 15.2 | 77.5 ± 18.0 | 0.634 |
Pulse rate | 95.2 ± 21.4 | 110.7 ± 18.2 | 0.003 |
Respiratory rate | 31.7 ± 4.6 | 34.6 ± 6.0 | 0.026 |
Pulse oximetry | 85.0 ± 6.2 | 86.9 ± 5.9 | 0.199 |
Glasgow Coma scale score (median, IQR) | 15, 0 | 15, 0 | 0.582 |
Initial arterial gas | |||
pH | 7.43 ± 0.10 | 7.42 ± 0.03 | 0.735 |
Arterial pressure of oxygen | 87.0 ± 32.27 | 85.67 ± 34.79 | 0.940 |
Arterial pressure of carbon dioxide | 32.81 ± 8.26 | 32.40 ± 6.31 | 0.911 |
HFNC settings | |||
Flow (L/min) | 36.06 ± 7.63 | 39.13 ± 8.35 | 0.122 |
Fraction of inspired oxygen | 0.65 ± 0.14 | 0.64 ± 0.13 | 0.862 |
HFNC treatment duration, hour (median, IQR) | 19.77, 54.27 | 10.0, 26.84 | 0.017 |
Diagnosis | |||
Pneumonia | 17 (32.7) | 13 (56.5) | 0.076 |
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | 24 (46.2) | 5 (21.7) | 0.063 |
Others | 11 (21.1) | 5 (21.7) | 0.503 |
Type of HFNC failure | |||
Endotracheal intubation | NA | 16 (69.6) | NA |
Non-invasive ventilation | NA | 4 (17.4) | NA |
Intolerance | NA | 3 (13.0) | NA |
Co-treatment | |||
Diuretics | 32 (61.5) | 5 (21.7) | 0.001 |
Antibiotics | 34 (65.4) | 20 (87.0) | 0.055 |
Bronchodilators | 15 (28.8) | 11 (47.8) | 0.111 |
Mortality rate | 3 (5.8) | 7 (30.4) | 0.001 |
ED length of stay, hour | 14.50, 13.04 | 11.93, 12.20 | 0.075 |
Hospital length of stay, day | 8.91, 12.87 | 15.59, 24.97 | 0.047 |