Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population stratified by the type of initial NIPPV
All | CPAP | NIV | HELMET-CPAP | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 163 (100%) | n = 58 (35.6%) | n = 98 (60.1%) | n = 7 (4.3%) | ||||||
Age (years)–median (IQR) | 66.0 | (56–75) | 63.5 | (55–74) | 67.5 | (57–75) | 48.0 | (42–62) | 0.013 |
Male sex–n (%) | 105 | (64.4) | 38 | (65.5) | 64 | (65.3) | 3 | (42.9) | 0.505 |
Comorbidities–n (%) | |||||||||
COPD | 9 | (5.5) | 2 | (3.4) | 7 | (7.1) | 0 | (0) | 0.657 |
Asthma | 12 | (7.4) | 4 | (6.9) | 8 | (8.2) | 0 | (0) | 1.000 |
Obesity | 55 | (33.7) | 22 | (37.9) | 31 | (31.6) | 2 | (28.6) | 0.734 |
Diabetes | 41 | (25.2) | 12 | (20.7) | 28 | (28.6) | 1 | (14.3) | 0.436 |
Coronary artery disease | 14 | (8.6) | 5 | (8.6) | 9 | (9.2) | 0 | (0) | 1.000 |
Chronic heart failure | 16 | (9.8) | 4 | (6.9) | 12 | (12.2) | 0 | (0) | 0.373 |
Arterial hypertension | 92 | (56.4) | 29 | (50.0) | 61 | (62.2) | 2 | (28.6) | 0.114 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 10 | (6.1) | 3 | (5.2) | 7 | (7.1) | 0 | (0) | 0.838 |
Stroke | 5 | (3.1) | 3 | (5.2) | 2 | (2.0) | 0 | (0) | 0.489 |
Dementia | 1 | (0.6) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (1.0) | 0 | (0) | 1.000 |
Solid cancer | 2 | (1.2) | 1 | (1.7) | 1 | (1.0) | 0 | (0) | 1.000 |
Leukemia | 2 | (1.2) | 0 | (0) | 2 | (2.0) | 0 | (0) | 0.569 |
Lymphoma | 3 | (1.8) | 0 | (0) | 3 | (3.1) | 0 | (0) | 0.382 |
Chronic kidney disease | 12 | (7.4) | 3 | (5.2) | 9 | (9.2) | 0 | (0) | 0.732 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 5 | (3.1) | 2 | (3.4) | 3 | (3.1) | 0 | (0) | 1.000 |
Chronic hepatic disease | 7 | (4.3) | 1 | (1.7) | 6 | (6.1) | 0 | (0) | 0.459 |
HIV | 1 | (0.6) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (1.0) | 0 | (0) | 1.000 |
Connective tissue disease | 3 | (1.8) | 2 | (3.4) | 1 | (1.0) | 0 | (0) | 0.611 |
Immunosuppressive therapy | 5 | (3.1) | 2 | (3.4) | 3 | (3.1) | 0 | (0) | 1.000 |