NIPPV success | NIPPV failure | p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 97 (59.5%) | n = 66 (40.5%) | ||||
Age (years)–median (IQR) | 61.6 | (52–61) | 69.4 | (62–76) | < 0.001 |
Male sex–n (%) | 57 | (58.8) | 48 | (72.7) | 0.068 |
Scores at admission–mean ± SD | |||||
SOFA | 2.53 | ± 0.89 | 2.94 | ± 1.07 | 0.037 |
SIC | 2.69 | ± 1.10 | 3.80 | ± 1.72 | < 0.001 |
Frailty | 2.63 | ± 0.68 | 3.30 | ± 1.14 | 0.001 |
Pulmonary infiltrates > 50% parenchyma on chest radiograph–n (%) | 37 | (38.1) | 25 | (37.9) | 0.973 |
Blood tests–mean ± SD | |||||
Highest value | |||||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.13 | ± 1.62 | 2.58 | ± 3.14 | < 0.001 |
LDH (U/L) | 554.64 | ± 183.68 | 801.55 | ± 356.68 | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 95.14 | ± 82.38 | 94.24 | ± 126.11 | 0.066 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.89 | ± 0.41 | 1.09 | ± 0.60 | 0.028 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 15.83 | ± 8.05 | 25.24 | ± 10.90 | < 0.001 |
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.59 | ± 2.32 | 7.11 | ± 35.87 | < 0.001 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1977.03 | ± 2059.99 | 3706.82 | ± 6039.27 | 0.001 |
Leukocyte count (G/L) | 13.44 | ± 4.43 | 16.99 | ± 7.36 | 0.001 |
ESR (mm/h) | 52.17 | ± 19.23 | 61.73 | ± 28.59 | 0.010 |
D-Dimer (ng/mL) | 2664.70 | ± 6590 | 5056.32 | ± 9574 | 0.001 |
Lowest value | |||||
Lymphocyte count (G/L) | 0.70 | ± 0.34 | 1.02 | ± 3.05 | < 0.001 |
Platelet count (G/L) | 172.13 | ± 59.95 | 136.50 | ± 53.15 | < 0.001 |
Arterial blood gas tests–mean ± SD | |||||
PaO2 before starting NIPPV (mmHg) | 82.18 | ± 36.95 | 81.05 | ± 45.76 | 0.137 |
PaCO2 before starting NIPPV (mmHg) | 34.64 | ± 6.33 | 35.54 | ± 9.35 | 0.696 |
FiO2 before starting NIPPV | 0.64 | ± 0.18 | 0.69 | ± 0.21 | 0.056 |
SpO2 before starting NIPPV (%) | 93.85 | ± 3.94 | 91.90 | ± 5.69 | 0.061 |
Lactate before starting NIPPV (mmol/L) | 1.80 | ± 0.70 | 1.93 | ± 0.93 | 0.637 |
PaO2 after starting NIPPV (mmHg) | 121.91 | ± 44.51 | 103.65 | ± 55.98 | < 0.001 |
PaCO2 after starting NIPPV (mmHg) | 35.87 | ± 5.22 | 36.09 | ± 8.10 | 0.913 |
SpO2 after starting NIPPV (%) | 97.27 | ± 1.71 | 95.59 | ± 3.62 | < 0.001 |
Lactate after starting NIPPV (%) | 1.76 | ± 0.55 | 1.80 | ± 0.65 | 0.865 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio before starting NIPPV | 138.25 | ± 69.42 | 125.62 | ± 68.13 | 0.038 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio after starting NIPPV | 189.04 | ± 77.26 | 130.29 | ± 70.32 | < 0.001 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio variation | 55.21 | ± 75.34 | 15.55 | ± 57.72 | < 0.001 |
NIPPV–mean ± SD | |||||
Duration of NIPPV (days) | 5.32 | ± 2.90 | 7.05 | ± 6.22 | 0.737 |
Duration of symptoms until starting NIPPV (days) | 8.11 | ± 3.65 | 7.64 | ± 4.66 | 0.552 |
Door-to-mask time (days) | 2.53 | ± 1.70 | 3.73 | ± 3.69 | 0.221 |
Highest IPAP (mmH2O) | 16.57 | ± 2.46 | 18.57 | ± 2.49 | < 0.001 |
Highest EPAP/CPAP (mmH2O) | 12.36 | ± 1.34 | 13.48 | ± 1.35 | < 0.001 |
Highest tidal volume (mL) | 697.77 | ± 164.25 | 809.79 | ± 293.84 | 0.028 |
Highest respiratory rate (cpm) | 27.58 | ± 5.17 | 35.44 | ± 9.40 | < 0.001 |
Treatment–n (%) | |||||
Steroids | 97 | (100.0) | 62 | (93.9) | 0.025 |
Remdesivir | 70 | (72.2) | 25 | (37.9) | < 0.001 |
Antibiotics | 31 | (32.0) | 40 | (60.6) | < 0.001 |
Morphine | 5 | (5.2) | 32 | (48.5) | < 0.001 |
Sedationa | 13 | (13.4) | 31 | (47.7) | < 0.001 |
Adherence to prone positioning | 83 | (92.2) | 25 | (50.0) | < 0.001 |