Table 1 Distributions of symptoms, precipitating factors, age and previous history of syncope across various causes of syncope
From: Syncope: experience at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Causes of syncope | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vasovagal (n = 126) | Unknown (n = 64) | Cardiogenic (n = 50) | Orthostatic (n = 26) | Psychogenic (n = 3) | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Symptoms | |||||
Dizziness | 87 (69) | 40 (62) | 23 (46) | 12 (48) | 3 (100) |
Visual symptoms | 33 (26) | 9 (14) | 4 (8) | 10 (20) | 1 (33) |
Nausea | 27 (21) | 12 (18) | 10 (20) | 9 (33) | 1 (33) |
Palpitation | 23 (18) | 12 (18) | 10 (20) | 9 (33) | 1 (33) |
Sweating | 26 (21) | 11 (17) | 6 (12) | 6 (24) | 1 (33) |
Chest pain | 11 (9) | 11 (09) | 4 (08) | 3 (12) | 0 (0) |
Shortness of breath | 13 (10) | 5 (08) | 14 (28) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
Precipitating factors | |||||
Defecation/micturition | 28 (22) | 11 (17) | 9 (18) | 3 (12) | 1 (33) |
Exertion | 18 (14) | 12 (19) | 7 (14) | 3 (12) | 1 (33) |
Office work | 6 (5) | 5 (8) | 8 (16) | 4 (15) | 0 (0) |
Standing after sleep | 14 (11) | 6 (9) | 7 (14) | 6 (23) | 0 (0) |
Eating | 9 (7) | 10 (16) | 5 (10) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
Unknown | 51 (40) | 20 (31) | 14 (28) | 9 (35) | 1 (33) |
Age groups | |||||
16–40 years (33/269) | 23 (18) | 5 (8) | 1 (2) | 3 (12) | 1 (33) |
41–65 years (146/269) | 71 (56) | 37 (58) | 22 (44) | 14 (54) | 2 (67) |
66 and above (90/269) | 32 (25) | 22 (34) | 27 (54) | 9 (34) | 0 (0) |
Previous history of syncope | |||||
Yes | 28 (22) | 16 (25) | 18 (36) | 4 (15) | 1 (33) |
No | 98 (78) | 48 (75) | 32 (64) | 22 (85) | 2 (66) |