Table 1 Demographics, predisposing conditions, and risk modifiers in total, no ALI, ALI

Demographics

Median age (Q1, Q3)

56.0 (41.0, 71.0)

56.0 (41.0, 71.0)

54.0 (41.0, 67.0)

0.99 (0.99, 1.00)

Male, no. (%)

2,422 (55.5 %)

2222 (54.8 %)

200 (66.0 %)

1.60 (1.26, 2.05)

Caucasian (n = 4220), no. (%),

2608 (61.8 %)

2424 (61.8 %)

184 (62.0 %)

1.01 (0.79, 1.28)

Weight (n = 3905), median (Q1, Q3)

76.5 (63.5, 91.0)

76.0 (63.5, 91.0)

83.2 (69.2, 96.0)

1.84 (1.43, 2.37)

PBW(n = 3551), median (Q1, Q3)

63.8 (64.7, 73.0)

63.8 (54.6, 73.0)

66.1 (56.4, 75.0)

1.42 (1.10, 1.84)

Admission source (n = 4311), no. (%)

Home

3,331 (77.3 %)

3,125 (78.0 %)

206 (68.2 %)

1.00

Nursing facility

338 (7.8 %)

322 (8.0 %)

16 (5.3 %)

0.75 (0.45, 1.27)

Outside ED

440 (10.2 %)

396 (9.9 %)

44 (14.6 %)

1.69 (1.20, 2.37)

Other

202 (4.7 %)

166 (4.1 %)

36 (11.9 %)

3.29 (2.23, 4.84)

APACHE II (Q1, Q3)

10.0 (6.0, 15.0)

9.0 (5.0, 14.0)

15.0 (10.0, 21.0)

1.11 (1.09, 1.13)

Predisposing conditions

Shock

395 (9.1 %)

327 (8.1 %)

68 (22.4 %)

3.30 (2.46, 4.42)

Aspiration

210 (4.8 %)

176 (4.3 %)

34 (1.2 %)

2.79 (1.89, 4.11)

Sepsis

1,806 (41.4 %)

1,684 (41.5 %)

122 (40.3 %)

0.95 (0.75, 1.21)

Pancreatitis

323 (7.4 %)

314 (7.7 %)

9 (3.0 %)

0.37 (0.19, 0.72)

Pneumonia

1,227 (28.1 %)

1,127 (27.8 %)

100 (33.0 %)

1.28 (0.99, 1.64)

High-risk trauma

Traumatic brain injury

490 (11.2 %)

445 (11.0 %)

45 (14.9 %)

1.42 (1.02, 1.97)

Smoke inhalation

27 (0.6 %)

20 (0.5 %)

7 (2.3 %)

4.78 (2.00, 11.38)

Near drowning

3 (0.1 %)

2 (0.1 %)

1 (0.3 %)

6.72 (0.61, 74.27)

Lung contusion

188 (4.3 %)

161 (4.0 %)

27 (8.9 %)

2.37 (1.55, 3.63)

Multiple fractures

330 (7.6 %)

304 (7.5 %)

26 (8.6 %)

1.16 (0.76, 1.76)

High-risk surgery

Thoracic (noncardiac)

5 (0.1 %)

4 (0.1 %)

1 (0.3 %)

3.36 (0.37, 30.12)

Orthopedic spine

17 (0.4 %)

13 (0.3 %)

4 (1.3 %)

4.16 (1.35, 12.85)

Acute abdomen

295 (6.8 %)

268 (6.6 %)

27 (8.9 %)

1.38 (0.91, 2.09)

Cardiac surgery

20 (0.5 %)

14 (0.3 %)

6 (2.0 %)

5.84 (2.23, 15.30)

Aortic vascular

14 (0.3 %)

8 (0.2 %)

6 (2.0 %)

10.23 (3.53, 29.68)

Emergency surgery

339 (7.7 %)

282 (7.0 %)

57 (18.8 %)

3.10 (2.27, 4.24)

Risk modifiers

Alcohol abuse

421 (9.7 %)

381 (9.4 %)

40 (13.2 %)

1.47 (1.04, 2.08)

Obesity (n = 3,508)

1,020 (29.1 %)

929 (28.6 %)

91 (35.0 %)

1.34 (1.03, 1.75)

Chemotherapy

158 (3.6 %)

145 (3.6 %)

13 (4.3 %)

1.21 (0.68, 2.16)

Diabetes mellitus

1,042 (23.9 %)

987 (24.3 %)

55 (18.2 %)

0.69 (0.51, 0.93)

Smoking (n = 4,019)

None

2,060 (51.3 %)

1,931 (51.6 %)

129 (47.1 %)

1.00

Former

888 (22.1 %)

829 (22.1 %)

59 (21.5 %)

1.07 (0.78, 1.47)

Active

1,071 (26.7 %)

985 (26.3 %)

86 (31.4 %)

1.31 (0.98, 1.74)

RR (n = 4,137), median (Q1,Q3)

20.0 (18.0, 24.0)

20.0 (18.0, 24.0)

22.0 (18.0, 27.0)

Tachypnea (n = 4,137), no. (%)

315 (7.6 %)

269 (6.8 %)

52 (18.8 %)

3.18 (2.29, 4.40)

SpO₂ (n = 4,361), median (Q1, Q3)

97.0 (94.0, 99.0)

97.0 (94.0, 99.0)

95.0 (92.0, 98.0)

SpO₂ < 95 % (n = 4,361)

1,203 (27.6 %)

1,076 (26.5 %)

127 (41.9 %)

2.17 (1.56, 3.02)

FiO₂ (n = 4,361), median (Q1, Q3)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.4 (0.2, 1.0)

FiO₂ >0.35 (n = 4,796), no. (%)

841 (19.3 %)

688 (17.0 %)

153 (50.5 %)

4.92 (3.87, 6.25)

Albumin (n = 2,423), median (Q1, Q3)

3.5 (2.9, 4.0)

3.5 (3.0, 4.0)

3.2 (2.4, 3.7)

Hypoalbuminemia (n = 2,423), no. (%)

945 (47.1 %)

838 (45.6 %)

107 (64.5 %)

2.17 (1.56, 3.02)

pH (n = 1,499), median (Q1, Q3)

7.4 (7.3, 7.4)

7.4 (7.3, 7.4)

7.3 (7.2, 7.4)

Acidosis (pH <7.35), no. (%)

476 (45.9 %)

364 (43.3 %)

112 (56.6 %)

1.70 (1.25, 2.33)