Table 1 Mesenteric ischemia
Types | Risk factors | Presentations |
|---|---|---|
SMA embolus | Atrial fibrillation, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, valvular disease, previous embolic events | Pain out of proportion to physical exam findings; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
SMA thrombosis | Atherosclerosis, smoking | Similar to SMA embolus, but my have long-standing postprandial abdominal pain or `intestinal angina’ |
SMV thrombosis | Hypercoagulable state, oral contraceptive use | Less severe pain than arterial disease; more indolent course |
NOMI | Low-flow state/ICU patients: sepsis, hypotension, severe volume depletion, dialysis; cocaine users; trauma patients | Nonreproducible abdominal pain; unexplained GI bleeding in ICU patients; abdominal pain after dialysis |