A retrospective observational study of medical incident command and decision-making in the 2011 Oslo bombing

Table 1 Cues to situation assessment

Type of cues	Cues
Visual	Smoke
	People escaping the incident
	Casualties
	Broken windows
	Falling debris
	Fire
	Damaged facades
	Mobilized rescue vehicles
Olfactory	Burnt explosive material
Olfactory	Smoke
Audio	Explosion
	Falling glass
	Fire alarms

Commanders use visual, olfactory, and audio cues to make situation assessments by matching previous experience and knowledge to distinct cues.

ISSN: 1865-1380