Table 1 Initial characteristics of patients transported via ground ambulance and helicopter

Age (year), median (IQR)

73 (60–80)

64 (55–78)

0.06

Male, n (%)

62 (51)

35 (58)

0.36

BMI, median (IQR)

28.6 (25–35)

28.8 (24–34)

0.85

Initial creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR)

1.0 (0.83–1.5)

0.9 (0.7–1.23)

0.12

Initial lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR)

1.7 (1.2–3)

2.2 (1.7–4.22)

0.13

Distance traveled (miles), median (IQR)

58 (44–67)

63 (44–86)

0.053

Transport time (h), median (IQR)

1.7 (1.4–2.3)

1.3 (1.1–1.8)

<0.01*

Time (h) from arrival to sepsis criteria met (h) median (IQR)

2.9 (1.5–6.4)

1.18 (0.6–3.5)

<0.01*

Charlson score, median (IQR)

5 (3–6)

5 (2–6)

0.18

APACHE 3 score, median (IQR)

58 (47–72)

63 (47–86)

0.18

SOFA score, median (IQR)

7 (5–10)

9 (6.2–12)

<0.01*

Fluid (L) first 3 h, median (IQR)

2.2 (1.0–4.1)

2.6 (1.2–4.6)

0.47

Fluid (L) first 6 h, median (IQR)

3.6 (1.7–5.9)

4.0 (2.2–6.2)

0.43

Time to antibiotics from sepsis criteria met (h), median (IQR)

0.25 (−1.35–1.18)

0.63 (−0.46–1.64)

0.073