Table 2 Airway management characteristics in 2365 patients receiving intubation in the emergency departmenta
RSI | Non-RSI | |
|---|---|---|
(n = 761) | (n = 1604) | |
Initial method (%) | ||
Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) | 761 (100%) | 0 |
Intubation with sedative agent only | 0 | 871 (54%) |
Intubation without medications | 0 | 729 (45%) |
Otherb | 0 | 4 (0.2%) |
Sedatives (%) | ||
No sedatives | 0 | 733 (46%) |
Midazolam | 427 (56%) | 255 (16%) |
Dosage, mean (SD), mg/kg | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.1 (0.07) |
Diazepam | 104 (14%) | 71 (4%) |
Dosage, mean (SD), mg/kg | 0.2 (0.19) | 0.2 (0.08) |
Propofol | 103 (14%) | 406 (25%) |
Dosage, mean (SD), mg/kg | 1.3 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.6) |
Ketamine | 87 (11%) | 37 (2%) |
Dosage, mean (SD), mg/kg | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.6) |
Combination with any of the included sedative categories | 7 (0.9%) | 18 (1%) |
Otherc | 33 (4%) | 84 (5%) |
Paralytics (%) | ||
No paralytic | 0 | 1604 (100%) |
Rocuronium | 531 (70%) | 0 |
Dosage, mean (SD), mg/kg | 0.9 (0.3) | |
Vecuronium | 161 (21%) | 0 |
Dosage, mean (SD), mg/kg | 0.1 (0.04) | |
Succinylcholine | 69 (9%) | 0 |
Dosage, mean (SD), mg/kg | 1.1 (0.4) | |
Device (%) | ||
Direct laryngoscopy | 746 (98%) | 1545 (96%) |
Direct laryngoscopy + gum elastic bougie | 2 (0.2%) | 7 (0.4%) |
Video laryngoscopy | 13 (2%) | 50 (3%) |
Video laryngoscopy + gum elastic bougie | 0 | 1 (0.06%) |
Lighted stylet | 0 | 1 (0.06%) |
Specialty of first intubator (%) | ||
Transitional year residentd | 321 (42%) | 462 (29%) |
Emergency medicine resident | 141 (19%) | 679 (42%) |
Emergency physician | 177 (23%) | 305 (19%) |
Other specialtye | 122 (16%) | 156 (10%) |
Unknown | 0 | 2 (0.1%) |