Table 3 Weight estimation meta-analysis summary data, showing both fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) data

APLS (new)

All

5.1

−42.5

52.6

8

19,029

33.6

56.1

13

49,709

6.1

−44.1

56.2

8

19,029

28.3

58.8

13

49,709

APLS (new)

HIC

1.5

−49.7

52.8

5

17,318

33.7

56.1

9

46,709

5.8

−44.7

56.3

5

17,318

28.0

58.8

9

46,709

APLS (new)

LMIC

10.9

−30.4

52.3

3

1711

33.4

50.6

4

3000

9.1

−37.2

55.4

3

1711

33.8

56.9

4

3000

ARC

All

−2.3

−41.6

37.1

6

6334

35.9

64.2

7

7405

−8.3

−50.5

33.8

6

6334

35.9

65.3

7

7405

ARC

HIC

−13.1

−49.3

23.2

3

4572

35.1

66.7

3

4572

−13.4

−50.1

23.2

3

4572

34.3

64.9

3

4572

ARC

LMIC

8.6

−34.0

51.1

3

1762

36.5

62.4

4

2833

4.9

−39.4

49.2

3

1762

38.6

65.9

4

2833

Argall formula

All

4.9

−43.0

52.8

7

145,823

31.5

51.1

10

147,341

−4.7

−47.3

37.9

7

145,823

38.7

63.1

10

147,341

Argall formula

HIC

−1.3

−47.4

44.7

5

144,691

34.7

54.3

7

145,257

−4.8

−47.2

37.6

5

144,691

38.9

63.2

7

145,257

Argall formula

LMIC

20.5

−32.1

73.1

2

1132

24.1

46.8

3

2084

14.3

−37.4

66.1

2

1132

28.4

54.1

3

2084

Best Guess formula

All

12.0

−32.4

56.3

13

284,798

33.8

58.2

18

324,035

5.8

−35.2

46.8

13

284,798

39.2

65.1

18

324,035

Best Guess formula

HIC

6.8

−35.7

49.3

9

277,790

37.7

63.5

14

318,478

5.5

−35.2

46.1

9

277,790

39.5

65.3

14

318,478

Best Guess formula

LMIC

23.6

−24.9

72.1

4

7008

20.2

46.4

4

5557

19.3

−25.5

64.1

4

7008

21.9

58.5

4

5557

CAWR-1

All

−3.3

−45.4

38.9

4

9064

34.6

65.7

5

10,016

−5.2

−48.2

37.7

4

9064

34.4

65.2

5

10,016

CAWR-1

HIC

−5.6

−47.1

35.9

3

8101

34.1

68.1

3

8101

−6.3

−48.6

36.0

3

8101

34.2

65.9

3

8101

CAWR-1

LMIC

3.9

−40.4

48.2

1

963

35.5

62.0

2

1915

3.9

−40.4

48.2

1

963

35.5

62.0

2

1915

CAWR-2

All

1.2

−38.6

40.9

3

4384

41.4

76.2

3

4384

−1.0

−42.1

40.0

3

4384

42.2

76.3

3

4384

CAWR-2

HIC

−2.2

−41.2

36.8

2

3501

41.7

79.0

2

3501

−3.3

−43.1

36.5

2

3501

42.6

77.7

2

3501

CAWR-2

LMIC

7.9

−33.3

49.1

1

883

40.7

70.8

1

883

7.9

−33.3

49.1

1

883

40.7

70.8

1

883

EPLS formula

All

−9.1

−48.8

30.6

27

351,449

35.9

63.0

36

190,580

−14.2

−56.1

27.7

27

351,449

33.8

56.6

36

190,580

EPLS formula

HIC

−13.1

−53.1

26.9

20

344,221

34.7

61.0

27

185,925

−14.5

−56.4

27.4

20

344,221

33.5

56.0

27

185,925

EPLS formula

LMIC

2.3

−36.4

40.9

7

7228

39.7

68.0

9

4655

−1.9

−39.1

35.2

7

7228

46.3

71.8

9

4655

Garwood formula

All

11.8

−38.9

62.5

2

1390

31.8

58.3

3

2461

10.7

−38.3

59.6

2

1390

30.6

57.3

3

2461

Garwood formula

HIC

9.2

−36.5

54.9

1

996

35.3

65.9

1

996

9.2

−36.5

54.9

1

996

35.3

65.9

1

996

Garwood formula

LMIC

14.4

−41.3

70.1

1

394

30.1

54.5

2

1465

14.4

−41.3

70.1

1

394

27.5

51.5

2

1465

Leffler formula

All

0.6

−42.8

44.0

10

270,349

32.6

57.4

11

271,373

−1.5

−40.1

37.2

10

270,349

43.8

69.3

11

271,373

Leffler formula

HIC

−3.7

−45.6

38.2

8

269,130

35.9

62.0

8

269,130

−1.5

−40.1

37.0

8

269,130

43.9

69.5

8

269,130

Leffler formula

LMIC

17.8

−31.6

67.1

2

1219

23.7

45.2

3

2243

11.8

−36.7

60.3

2

1219

27.8

52.3

3

2243

Luscombe formula

All

8.2

−34.5

50.9

15

237,568

34.0

58.1

21

275,841

0.4

−41.5

42.4

15

237,568

38.7

67.1

21

275,841

Luscombe formula

HIC

4.7

−36.3

45.8

11

231,881

38.3

64.7

15

269,554

0.2

−41.6

41.9

11

231,881

39.0

68.0

15

269,554

Luscombe formula

LMIC

17.7

−29.5

65.0

4

5687

23.1

46.2

6

6287

11.8

−33.7

57.2

4

5687

27.1

54.2

6

6287

Nelson formula

All

4.7

−33.6

42.9

9

134,315

36.8

61.9

10

135,339

−9.1

−38.6

20.5

9

134,315

42.0

73.7

10

135,339

Nelson formula

HIC

−6.7

−39.3

25.9

4

128,844

36.6

59.7

5

129,173

−9.8

−38.0

18.3

4

128,844

42.1

73.9

5

129,173

Nelson formula

LMIC

13.8

−29.0

56.5

5

5471

37.0

63.7

5

6166

8.9

−30.3

48.0

5

5471

40.9

70.1

5

6166

Park formula

All

5.9

−35.4

47.2

2

125,170

36.9

64.3

4

126,788

1.0

−34.8

36.8

2

125,170

41.5

72.4

4

126,788

Park formula

HIC

0.9

−34.8

36.6

1

124,095

43.4

74.2

2

124,332

0.9

−34.8

36.6

1

124,095

41.7

72.8

2

124,332

Park formula

LMIC

10.9

−35.9

57.7

1

1075

30.5

54.5

2

2456

10.9

−35.9

57.7

1

1075

29.4

53.0

2

2456

Shann formula

All

−2.7

−49.1

43.8

7

107,890

35.8

60.5

9

111,266

−8.5

−41.9

24.9

7

107,890

40.2

70.9

9

111,266

Shann formula

HIC

−8.3

−53.2

36.5

4

106,150

37.2

62.1

5

108,455

−8.7

−41.6

24.3

4

106,150

40.3

71.1

5

108,455

Shann formula

LMIC

4.9

−43.7

53.5

3

1740

34.1

58.9

4

2811

3.4

−45.5

52.2

3

1740

35.5

61.2

4

2811

Theron formula

All

33.2

−47.9

114.2

5

4606

17.6

38.4

8

6362

29.4

−65.2

124.0

5

4606

18.8

13.5

8

6362

Theron formula

HIC

28.4

−54.5

111.3

3

3272

20.0

44.6

4

3577

27.8

−73.0

128.6

3

3272

18.8

13.5

4

3577

Theron formula

LMIC

40.3

−38.0

118.6

2

1334

15.2

32.2

4

2785

33.3

−43.7

110.4

2

1334

18.7

13.5

4

2785

Parental estimate

All

−3.6

−27.3

20.2

3

561

69.8

87.1

10

3070

−3.2

−24.9

18.4

3

561

78.1

89.8

10

3070

Parental estimate

HIC

−3.6

−27.3

20.2

3

561

68.0

87.1

9

2475

−3.2

−24.9

18.4

3

561

76.4

89.8

9

2475

Parental estimate

LMIC

0

85.2

1

595

0

85.2

595

1

Healthcare provider guesses

All

−2.5

−51.7

46.8

3

547

35.6

59.3

5

1719

−2.8

−49.1

43.4

3

547

40.3

58.1

5

1719

Healthcare provider guesses

HIC

−2.5

−51.7

46.8

3

547

35.6

59.3

5

1719

−2.8

−49.1

43.4

3

547

40.3

58.1

5

1719

Healthcare provider guesses

LMIC

0

0

0

0

Finger counting

All

0

53.8

83.4

2

4385

0.1

−34.0

34.2

0

4178

49.1

80.0

2

4385

Finger counting

HIC

0

53.8

83.4

2

4385

0.1

−34.0

34.2

0

4178

49.1

80.0

2

4385

Finger counting

LMIC

0

0

0.1

−34.0

34.2

0

4178

0

Traub-Johnson formula

All

−0.8

−29.5

27.9

4

3561

45.9

74.8

4

3561

−3.2

−34.3

27.9

4

3561

48.8

75.2

4

3561

Traub-Johnson formula

HIC

−7.1

−35.9

21.7

2

2126

46.6

74.9

2

2126

−7.1

−37.4

23.2

2

2126

45.7

71.3

2

2126

Traub-Johnson formula

LMIC

5.5

−23.2

34.1

2

1435

45.2

74.7

2

1435

2.6

−26.4

31.5

2

1435

53.4

81.1

2

1435

Traub-Kichen formula

All

−2.0

−31.0

27.1

4

3455

45.4

74.4

4

3455

−4.8

−36.5

26.8

4

3455

48.5

74.4

4

3455

Traub-Kichen formula

HIC

−8.5

−38.2

21.2

2

2121

45.5

72.9

2

2121

−9.1

−39.8

21.6

2

2121

45.4

69.6

2

2121

Traub-Kichen formula

LMIC

4.6

−23.8

33.0

2

1334

45.3

75.9

2

1334

2.0

−26.4

30.4

2

1334

53.6

82.1

2

1334

MAC formula

All

6.7

−23.3

36.6

4

458,019

29.6

52.8

6

459,120

4.6

−16.0

25.3

4

458,019

28.0

58.0

6

459,120

MAC formula

HIC

7.4

−25.8

40.5

3

4029

29.3

51.5

4

4353

9.7

−29.4

48.9

3

4029

34.0

60.4

4

4353

MAC formula

LMIC

4.6

−15.8

25.0

1

453,990

30.1

58.0

2

454,767

4.6

−15.8

25.0

1

453,990

27.9

58.0

2

454,767

DWEM

All

−1.1

−26.3

24.1

2

884

57.8

87.6

3

1142

−0.9

−26.2

24.4

2

884

57.7

88.0

3

1142

DWEM

HIC

−1.1

−26.3

24.1

2

884

57.8

87.6

3

1142

−0.9

−26.2

24.4

2

884

57.7

88.0

3

1142

DWEM

LMIC

0

0

0

0

PAWPER tape

All

−0.2

−16.3

16.0

5

15,913

78.0

96.6

7

15,159

−1.0

−18.4

16.4

5

15,913

81.3

97.8

7

15,159

PAWPER tape

HIC

−0.8

−19.3

17.7

3

15,160

73.8

95.2

5

14,406

−1.0

−18.7

16.6

3

15,160

80.9

97.8

5

14,406

PAWPER tape

LMIC

0.8

−11.8

13.4

2

753

88.6

98.6

2

753

0.6

−12.0

13.3

2

753

88.7

98.7

2

753

Mercy method

All

−1.7

−19.5

16.2

8

5443

70.9

95.3

9

5642

−1.0

−19.7

17.7

8

5443

73.7

96.1

9

5642

Mercy method

HIC

−3.1

−20.9

14.8

5

4296

69.4

96.5

6

4495

−1.5

−20.2

17.1

5

4296

73.8

97.0

6

4495

Mercy method

LMIC

0.7

−17.2

18.7

3

1147

73.8

94.1

3

1147

0.9

−17.3

19.2

3

1147

73.2

93.6

3

1147

Wozniak method

All

−3.8

−36.1

28.5

2

628

72.1

2

−3.8

−36.3

28.6

2

628

74.9

2

1405

Wozniak method

HIC

0

0

0

0

Wozniak method

LMIC

−3.8

−36.1

28.5

2

628

72.1

2

−3.8

−36.3

28.6

2

628

74.9

2

1405

Broselow tape

All

−1.5

−29.1

26.2

36

625,559

55.6

81.2

53

779,711

2.1

−20.6

24.9

36

625,559

61.7

91.2

53

779,711

Broselow tape

HIC

−3.9

−32.0

24.2

25

164,714

56.7

83.4

41

316,853

−4.7

−27.9

18.6

25

164,714

60.2

91.4

41

316,853

Broselow tape

LMIC

4.4

−25.9

34.7

11

462,079

52.0

76.3

12

462,530

4.6

−16.0

25.2

11

462,079

62.7

78.5

12

462,530