Random effects outcomes | Fixed effects outcomes | ||||||||||||||||||
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MPE | LLOA | ULOA | Studies | N | PW10 | PW20 | Studies | N | MPE | LLOA | ULOA | Studies | N | PW10 | PW20 | Studies | N | ||
APLS (new) | All | 5.1 | −42.5 | 52.6 | 8 | 19,029 | 33.6 | 56.1 | 13 | 49,709 | 6.1 | −44.1 | 56.2 | 8 | 19,029 | 28.3 | 58.8 | 13 | 49,709 |
APLS (new) | HIC | 1.5 | −49.7 | 52.8 | 5 | 17,318 | 33.7 | 56.1 | 9 | 46,709 | 5.8 | −44.7 | 56.3 | 5 | 17,318 | 28.0 | 58.8 | 9 | 46,709 |
APLS (new) | LMIC | 10.9 | −30.4 | 52.3 | 3 | 1711 | 33.4 | 50.6 | 4 | 3000 | 9.1 | −37.2 | 55.4 | 3 | 1711 | 33.8 | 56.9 | 4 | 3000 |
ARC | All | −2.3 | −41.6 | 37.1 | 6 | 6334 | 35.9 | 64.2 | 7 | 7405 | −8.3 | −50.5 | 33.8 | 6 | 6334 | 35.9 | 65.3 | 7 | 7405 |
ARC | HIC | −13.1 | −49.3 | 23.2 | 3 | 4572 | 35.1 | 66.7 | 3 | 4572 | −13.4 | −50.1 | 23.2 | 3 | 4572 | 34.3 | 64.9 | 3 | 4572 |
ARC | LMIC | 8.6 | −34.0 | 51.1 | 3 | 1762 | 36.5 | 62.4 | 4 | 2833 | 4.9 | −39.4 | 49.2 | 3 | 1762 | 38.6 | 65.9 | 4 | 2833 |
Argall formula | All | 4.9 | −43.0 | 52.8 | 7 | 145,823 | 31.5 | 51.1 | 10 | 147,341 | −4.7 | −47.3 | 37.9 | 7 | 145,823 | 38.7 | 63.1 | 10 | 147,341 |
Argall formula | HIC | −1.3 | −47.4 | 44.7 | 5 | 144,691 | 34.7 | 54.3 | 7 | 145,257 | −4.8 | −47.2 | 37.6 | 5 | 144,691 | 38.9 | 63.2 | 7 | 145,257 |
Argall formula | LMIC | 20.5 | −32.1 | 73.1 | 2 | 1132 | 24.1 | 46.8 | 3 | 2084 | 14.3 | −37.4 | 66.1 | 2 | 1132 | 28.4 | 54.1 | 3 | 2084 |
Best Guess formula | All | 12.0 | −32.4 | 56.3 | 13 | 284,798 | 33.8 | 58.2 | 18 | 324,035 | 5.8 | −35.2 | 46.8 | 13 | 284,798 | 39.2 | 65.1 | 18 | 324,035 |
Best Guess formula | HIC | 6.8 | −35.7 | 49.3 | 9 | 277,790 | 37.7 | 63.5 | 14 | 318,478 | 5.5 | −35.2 | 46.1 | 9 | 277,790 | 39.5 | 65.3 | 14 | 318,478 |
Best Guess formula | LMIC | 23.6 | −24.9 | 72.1 | 4 | 7008 | 20.2 | 46.4 | 4 | 5557 | 19.3 | −25.5 | 64.1 | 4 | 7008 | 21.9 | 58.5 | 4 | 5557 |
CAWR-1 | All | −3.3 | −45.4 | 38.9 | 4 | 9064 | 34.6 | 65.7 | 5 | 10,016 | −5.2 | −48.2 | 37.7 | 4 | 9064 | 34.4 | 65.2 | 5 | 10,016 |
CAWR-1 | HIC | −5.6 | −47.1 | 35.9 | 3 | 8101 | 34.1 | 68.1 | 3 | 8101 | −6.3 | −48.6 | 36.0 | 3 | 8101 | 34.2 | 65.9 | 3 | 8101 |
CAWR-1 | LMIC | 3.9 | −40.4 | 48.2 | 1 | 963 | 35.5 | 62.0 | 2 | 1915 | 3.9 | −40.4 | 48.2 | 1 | 963 | 35.5 | 62.0 | 2 | 1915 |
CAWR-2 | All | 1.2 | −38.6 | 40.9 | 3 | 4384 | 41.4 | 76.2 | 3 | 4384 | −1.0 | −42.1 | 40.0 | 3 | 4384 | 42.2 | 76.3 | 3 | 4384 |
CAWR-2 | HIC | −2.2 | −41.2 | 36.8 | 2 | 3501 | 41.7 | 79.0 | 2 | 3501 | −3.3 | −43.1 | 36.5 | 2 | 3501 | 42.6 | 77.7 | 2 | 3501 |
CAWR-2 | LMIC | 7.9 | −33.3 | 49.1 | 1 | 883 | 40.7 | 70.8 | 1 | 883 | 7.9 | −33.3 | 49.1 | 1 | 883 | 40.7 | 70.8 | 1 | 883 |
EPLS formula | All | −9.1 | −48.8 | 30.6 | 27 | 351,449 | 35.9 | 63.0 | 36 | 190,580 | −14.2 | −56.1 | 27.7 | 27 | 351,449 | 33.8 | 56.6 | 36 | 190,580 |
EPLS formula | HIC | −13.1 | −53.1 | 26.9 | 20 | 344,221 | 34.7 | 61.0 | 27 | 185,925 | −14.5 | −56.4 | 27.4 | 20 | 344,221 | 33.5 | 56.0 | 27 | 185,925 |
EPLS formula | LMIC | 2.3 | −36.4 | 40.9 | 7 | 7228 | 39.7 | 68.0 | 9 | 4655 | −1.9 | −39.1 | 35.2 | 7 | 7228 | 46.3 | 71.8 | 9 | 4655 |
Garwood formula | All | 11.8 | −38.9 | 62.5 | 2 | 1390 | 31.8 | 58.3 | 3 | 2461 | 10.7 | −38.3 | 59.6 | 2 | 1390 | 30.6 | 57.3 | 3 | 2461 |
Garwood formula | HIC | 9.2 | −36.5 | 54.9 | 1 | 996 | 35.3 | 65.9 | 1 | 996 | 9.2 | −36.5 | 54.9 | 1 | 996 | 35.3 | 65.9 | 1 | 996 |
Garwood formula | LMIC | 14.4 | −41.3 | 70.1 | 1 | 394 | 30.1 | 54.5 | 2 | 1465 | 14.4 | −41.3 | 70.1 | 1 | 394 | 27.5 | 51.5 | 2 | 1465 |
Leffler formula | All | 0.6 | −42.8 | 44.0 | 10 | 270,349 | 32.6 | 57.4 | 11 | 271,373 | −1.5 | −40.1 | 37.2 | 10 | 270,349 | 43.8 | 69.3 | 11 | 271,373 |
Leffler formula | HIC | −3.7 | −45.6 | 38.2 | 8 | 269,130 | 35.9 | 62.0 | 8 | 269,130 | −1.5 | −40.1 | 37.0 | 8 | 269,130 | 43.9 | 69.5 | 8 | 269,130 |
Leffler formula | LMIC | 17.8 | −31.6 | 67.1 | 2 | 1219 | 23.7 | 45.2 | 3 | 2243 | 11.8 | −36.7 | 60.3 | 2 | 1219 | 27.8 | 52.3 | 3 | 2243 |
Luscombe formula | All | 8.2 | −34.5 | 50.9 | 15 | 237,568 | 34.0 | 58.1 | 21 | 275,841 | 0.4 | −41.5 | 42.4 | 15 | 237,568 | 38.7 | 67.1 | 21 | 275,841 |
Luscombe formula | HIC | 4.7 | −36.3 | 45.8 | 11 | 231,881 | 38.3 | 64.7 | 15 | 269,554 | 0.2 | −41.6 | 41.9 | 11 | 231,881 | 39.0 | 68.0 | 15 | 269,554 |
Luscombe formula | LMIC | 17.7 | −29.5 | 65.0 | 4 | 5687 | 23.1 | 46.2 | 6 | 6287 | 11.8 | −33.7 | 57.2 | 4 | 5687 | 27.1 | 54.2 | 6 | 6287 |
Nelson formula | All | 4.7 | −33.6 | 42.9 | 9 | 134,315 | 36.8 | 61.9 | 10 | 135,339 | −9.1 | −38.6 | 20.5 | 9 | 134,315 | 42.0 | 73.7 | 10 | 135,339 |
Nelson formula | HIC | −6.7 | −39.3 | 25.9 | 4 | 128,844 | 36.6 | 59.7 | 5 | 129,173 | −9.8 | −38.0 | 18.3 | 4 | 128,844 | 42.1 | 73.9 | 5 | 129,173 |
Nelson formula | LMIC | 13.8 | −29.0 | 56.5 | 5 | 5471 | 37.0 | 63.7 | 5 | 6166 | 8.9 | −30.3 | 48.0 | 5 | 5471 | 40.9 | 70.1 | 5 | 6166 |
Park formula | All | 5.9 | −35.4 | 47.2 | 2 | 125,170 | 36.9 | 64.3 | 4 | 126,788 | 1.0 | −34.8 | 36.8 | 2 | 125,170 | 41.5 | 72.4 | 4 | 126,788 |
Park formula | HIC | 0.9 | −34.8 | 36.6 | 1 | 124,095 | 43.4 | 74.2 | 2 | 124,332 | 0.9 | −34.8 | 36.6 | 1 | 124,095 | 41.7 | 72.8 | 2 | 124,332 |
Park formula | LMIC | 10.9 | −35.9 | 57.7 | 1 | 1075 | 30.5 | 54.5 | 2 | 2456 | 10.9 | −35.9 | 57.7 | 1 | 1075 | 29.4 | 53.0 | 2 | 2456 |
Shann formula | All | −2.7 | −49.1 | 43.8 | 7 | 107,890 | 35.8 | 60.5 | 9 | 111,266 | −8.5 | −41.9 | 24.9 | 7 | 107,890 | 40.2 | 70.9 | 9 | 111,266 |
Shann formula | HIC | −8.3 | −53.2 | 36.5 | 4 | 106,150 | 37.2 | 62.1 | 5 | 108,455 | −8.7 | −41.6 | 24.3 | 4 | 106,150 | 40.3 | 71.1 | 5 | 108,455 |
Shann formula | LMIC | 4.9 | −43.7 | 53.5 | 3 | 1740 | 34.1 | 58.9 | 4 | 2811 | 3.4 | −45.5 | 52.2 | 3 | 1740 | 35.5 | 61.2 | 4 | 2811 |
Theron formula | All | 33.2 | −47.9 | 114.2 | 5 | 4606 | 17.6 | 38.4 | 8 | 6362 | 29.4 | −65.2 | 124.0 | 5 | 4606 | 18.8 | 13.5 | 8 | 6362 |
Theron formula | HIC | 28.4 | −54.5 | 111.3 | 3 | 3272 | 20.0 | 44.6 | 4 | 3577 | 27.8 | −73.0 | 128.6 | 3 | 3272 | 18.8 | 13.5 | 4 | 3577 |
Theron formula | LMIC | 40.3 | −38.0 | 118.6 | 2 | 1334 | 15.2 | 32.2 | 4 | 2785 | 33.3 | −43.7 | 110.4 | 2 | 1334 | 18.7 | 13.5 | 4 | 2785 |
Parental estimate | All | −3.6 | −27.3 | 20.2 | 3 | 561 | 69.8 | 87.1 | 10 | 3070 | −3.2 | −24.9 | 18.4 | 3 | 561 | 78.1 | 89.8 | 10 | 3070 |
Parental estimate | HIC | −3.6 | −27.3 | 20.2 | 3 | 561 | 68.0 | 87.1 | 9 | 2475 | −3.2 | −24.9 | 18.4 | 3 | 561 | 76.4 | 89.8 | 9 | 2475 |
Parental estimate | LMIC | 0 | 85.2 | 1 | 595 | 0 | 85.2 | 595 | 1 | ||||||||||
Healthcare provider guesses | All | −2.5 | −51.7 | 46.8 | 3 | 547 | 35.6 | 59.3 | 5 | 1719 | −2.8 | −49.1 | 43.4 | 3 | 547 | 40.3 | 58.1 | 5 | 1719 |
Healthcare provider guesses | HIC | −2.5 | −51.7 | 46.8 | 3 | 547 | 35.6 | 59.3 | 5 | 1719 | −2.8 | −49.1 | 43.4 | 3 | 547 | 40.3 | 58.1 | 5 | 1719 |
Healthcare provider guesses | LMIC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
Finger counting | All | 0 | 53.8 | 83.4 | 2 | 4385 | 0.1 | −34.0 | 34.2 | 0 | 4178 | 49.1 | 80.0 | 2 | 4385 | ||||
Finger counting | HIC | 0 | 53.8 | 83.4 | 2 | 4385 | 0.1 | −34.0 | 34.2 | 0 | 4178 | 49.1 | 80.0 | 2 | 4385 | ||||
Finger counting | LMIC | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | −34.0 | 34.2 | 0 | 4178 | 0 | ||||||||||
Traub-Johnson formula | All | −0.8 | −29.5 | 27.9 | 4 | 3561 | 45.9 | 74.8 | 4 | 3561 | −3.2 | −34.3 | 27.9 | 4 | 3561 | 48.8 | 75.2 | 4 | 3561 |
Traub-Johnson formula | HIC | −7.1 | −35.9 | 21.7 | 2 | 2126 | 46.6 | 74.9 | 2 | 2126 | −7.1 | −37.4 | 23.2 | 2 | 2126 | 45.7 | 71.3 | 2 | 2126 |
Traub-Johnson formula | LMIC | 5.5 | −23.2 | 34.1 | 2 | 1435 | 45.2 | 74.7 | 2 | 1435 | 2.6 | −26.4 | 31.5 | 2 | 1435 | 53.4 | 81.1 | 2 | 1435 |
Traub-Kichen formula | All | −2.0 | −31.0 | 27.1 | 4 | 3455 | 45.4 | 74.4 | 4 | 3455 | −4.8 | −36.5 | 26.8 | 4 | 3455 | 48.5 | 74.4 | 4 | 3455 |
Traub-Kichen formula | HIC | −8.5 | −38.2 | 21.2 | 2 | 2121 | 45.5 | 72.9 | 2 | 2121 | −9.1 | −39.8 | 21.6 | 2 | 2121 | 45.4 | 69.6 | 2 | 2121 |
Traub-Kichen formula | LMIC | 4.6 | −23.8 | 33.0 | 2 | 1334 | 45.3 | 75.9 | 2 | 1334 | 2.0 | −26.4 | 30.4 | 2 | 1334 | 53.6 | 82.1 | 2 | 1334 |
MAC formula | All | 6.7 | −23.3 | 36.6 | 4 | 458,019 | 29.6 | 52.8 | 6 | 459,120 | 4.6 | −16.0 | 25.3 | 4 | 458,019 | 28.0 | 58.0 | 6 | 459,120 |
MAC formula | HIC | 7.4 | −25.8 | 40.5 | 3 | 4029 | 29.3 | 51.5 | 4 | 4353 | 9.7 | −29.4 | 48.9 | 3 | 4029 | 34.0 | 60.4 | 4 | 4353 |
MAC formula | LMIC | 4.6 | −15.8 | 25.0 | 1 | 453,990 | 30.1 | 58.0 | 2 | 454,767 | 4.6 | −15.8 | 25.0 | 1 | 453,990 | 27.9 | 58.0 | 2 | 454,767 |
DWEM | All | −1.1 | −26.3 | 24.1 | 2 | 884 | 57.8 | 87.6 | 3 | 1142 | −0.9 | −26.2 | 24.4 | 2 | 884 | 57.7 | 88.0 | 3 | 1142 |
DWEM | HIC | −1.1 | −26.3 | 24.1 | 2 | 884 | 57.8 | 87.6 | 3 | 1142 | −0.9 | −26.2 | 24.4 | 2 | 884 | 57.7 | 88.0 | 3 | 1142 |
DWEM | LMIC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
PAWPER tape | All | −0.2 | −16.3 | 16.0 | 5 | 15,913 | 78.0 | 96.6 | 7 | 15,159 | −1.0 | −18.4 | 16.4 | 5 | 15,913 | 81.3 | 97.8 | 7 | 15,159 |
PAWPER tape | HIC | −0.8 | −19.3 | 17.7 | 3 | 15,160 | 73.8 | 95.2 | 5 | 14,406 | −1.0 | −18.7 | 16.6 | 3 | 15,160 | 80.9 | 97.8 | 5 | 14,406 |
PAWPER tape | LMIC | 0.8 | −11.8 | 13.4 | 2 | 753 | 88.6 | 98.6 | 2 | 753 | 0.6 | −12.0 | 13.3 | 2 | 753 | 88.7 | 98.7 | 2 | 753 |
Mercy method | All | −1.7 | −19.5 | 16.2 | 8 | 5443 | 70.9 | 95.3 | 9 | 5642 | −1.0 | −19.7 | 17.7 | 8 | 5443 | 73.7 | 96.1 | 9 | 5642 |
Mercy method | HIC | −3.1 | −20.9 | 14.8 | 5 | 4296 | 69.4 | 96.5 | 6 | 4495 | −1.5 | −20.2 | 17.1 | 5 | 4296 | 73.8 | 97.0 | 6 | 4495 |
Mercy method | LMIC | 0.7 | −17.2 | 18.7 | 3 | 1147 | 73.8 | 94.1 | 3 | 1147 | 0.9 | −17.3 | 19.2 | 3 | 1147 | 73.2 | 93.6 | 3 | 1147 |
Wozniak method | All | −3.8 | −36.1 | 28.5 | 2 | 628 | 72.1 | 2 | −3.8 | −36.3 | 28.6 | 2 | 628 | 74.9 | 2 | 1405 | |||
Wozniak method | HIC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
Wozniak method | LMIC | −3.8 | −36.1 | 28.5 | 2 | 628 | 72.1 | 2 | −3.8 | −36.3 | 28.6 | 2 | 628 | 74.9 | 2 | 1405 | |||
Broselow tape | All | −1.5 | −29.1 | 26.2 | 36 | 625,559 | 55.6 | 81.2 | 53 | 779,711 | 2.1 | −20.6 | 24.9 | 36 | 625,559 | 61.7 | 91.2 | 53 | 779,711 |
Broselow tape | HIC | −3.9 | −32.0 | 24.2 | 25 | 164,714 | 56.7 | 83.4 | 41 | 316,853 | −4.7 | −27.9 | 18.6 | 25 | 164,714 | 60.2 | 91.4 | 41 | 316,853 |
Broselow tape | LMIC | 4.4 | −25.9 | 34.7 | 11 | 462,079 | 52.0 | 76.3 | 12 | 462,530 | 4.6 | −16.0 | 25.2 | 11 | 462,079 | 62.7 | 78.5 | 12 | 462,530 |