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Table 4 MANOVA on differences between groups in self-reported skills

From: Relationship between level of CPR training, self-reported skills, and actual manikin test performance—an observational study

Self-reported skills

MANOVA (mean ± standard deviation)

Follow-up univariate ANOVA

Tukey’s post hoc test

Group Ia

Group IIb

Group IIIc

p value

p value

Group I vs. group II (p value)

Group III vs. group I (p value)

Group III vs. group II (p value)

“Confident to examine a critical ill patient”

4.29 ± 1.67

5.92 ± 1.92

7,00 ± 2,26

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

0.022

“Well trained in CPR algorithm”

6,81 ± 1.83

7.87 ± 1.72

8.75 ± 1,20

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

0.062

“Well prepared to do a CPR”

6,84 ± 2,04

7,60 ± 1.76

8.64 ± 1.28

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

0,033

“Did a systematic assessment”

3.91 ± 1.40

7.5 ± 2.12

6.1 ± 1.30

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

0.069

“Performed good quality CPR”

5.61 ± 1.40

8.12 ± 1.71

7.13 ± 2.10

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

0.091

“Would perform the same on a patient”

6.72 ± 1.50

8.73 ± 1.81

6.12 ± 2.10

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

< 0.005

0.073

  1. Figures presented as mean ± SD
  2. aGroup I: basic level of life support training
  3. bGroup II: advanced level of training
  4. cGroup III: advanced level plus additional courses.
  5. MANOVA multivariate analysis of variance, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation