Table 2 Sex differences in baseline characteristic, interventions, and outcome
Study variables | Total 22.416 | Females 8109 (36.2%) | Males 14,307 (63.8%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
EMS arrival time, median (IQR) | 5.5 (4.2–6.9) | 5.4 (4.1–6.7) | 5.6 (5.3–6.9) | 0.08 |
Age, median (IQR) | 69 (57–81) | 71 (57–82) | 68 (55–79) | <0.001 |
Arrest location | ||||
 Nonpublic | 19,167 (85.8%) | 7293 (89.9%) | 11,874 (83.0%) | <0.001 |
 Public | 3249 (14.2%) | 816 (10.1%) | 2433 (17.0%) |  |
Bystander witness | ||||
 Unwitnessed | 12,845 (57.3%) | 4946 (61.0%) | 7899 (55.2%) | 0.001 |
 Witnessed | 9571 (42.7%) | 3163 (39.0%) | 6408 (44.8%) |  |
Bystander CPR | ||||
 No | 12,013 (53.6%) | 4688 (57.8%) | 7325 (51.2%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 10,403 (46.4%) | 3421 (42.2%) | 6982 (48.8%) |  |
Initial rhythm | ||||
 Nonshockable | 17,229 (76.9%) | 6966 (85.9%) | 10,263 (71.7%) | < 0.001 |
 Shockable | 5187 (23.1%) | 1143 (14.1%) | 4044 (28.3%) |  |
Advanced airway | ||||
 No | 4958 (22.1%) | 1810 (22.3%) | 3148 (22.0%) | 0.80 |
 Yes | 17,458 (77.9%) | 6299 (77.7%) | 11,159 (78.0%) |  |
Administration of epinephrine | ||||
 No | 3950 (17.6%) | 1546 (19.1%) | 2404 (16.8%) |  |
 Yes | 18,466 (82.4%) | 6563 (80.9%) | 11,903 (83.2%) | 0.03 |
Hypothermia management | ||||
 No | 18,906 (84.3%) | 7031 (86.7%) | 11,875 (83.0%) |  |
 Yes | 3510 (15.7%) | 1078 (13.3%) | 2432 (17.0%) | < 0.001 |
Survival outcomes | ||||
Hospital discharge | ||||
 No | 20,471 (91.3%) | 7623 (94.0%) | 12,848 (89.8%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 1945 (8.7%) | 486 (6.0%) | 1459 (10.2%) |  |
Neurological outcomes | ||||
 Unfavorable | 20,778 (92.7%) | 7714 (95.1%) | 13,064 (91.4%) | < 0.001 |
 Favorable | 1638 (7.3%) | 395 (4.9%) | 1243 (8.6%) |  |