Table 1 Clinical characteristics and demographics of pediatrics subjects with intraosseous access procedural code
Total | < 1 year of age | ≥ 1 year of age | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of subjects (n) | 1012 | 268 | 744 | - |
Less than 1 year of age | 268 | 268 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
1 to 5 years of age | 584 | 0 (0.0%) | 584 (78.5%) | |
6 to 10 years of age | 80 | 0 (0.0%) | 80 (10.8%) | |
11 to 15 years of age | 55 | 0 (0.0%) | 55 (7.4%) | |
Above 16 years of age | 25 | 0 (0.0%) | 25 (3.4%) | |
Gender (n (%)) | 0.423 | |||
Male | 576 (56.9%) | 157 (58.6%) | 419 (56.3%) | |
Female | 434 (42.9%) | 110 (41.0%) | 324 (43.5) | |
Unknown | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
Mean age (mean +/− SD) | 2.8 ± 4.0 | - | 3.9 ± 4.3 | - |
Ethnicity (n (%)) | 0.0125 | |||
Hispanic or Latino | 133 (13.1%) | 23 (8.6%) | 110 (14.8%) | |
Not Hispanic or Latino | 642 (63.4%) | 171 (63.8%) | 471 (63.3%) | |
Unknown | 237 (23.4% | 74 (27.6%) | 163 (21.9%) | |
Race (n (%)) | 0.299 | |||
Black or African American | 358 (35.4%) | 104 (38.8%) | 254 (34.1%) | |
Otherb | 27 (2.7%) | 7 (2.6%) | 20 (2.7%) | |
Unknown | 193 (19.1%) | 55 (20.5%) | 138 (18.5%) | |
White | 434 (42.9%) | 102 (38.1%) | 332 (44.6%) | |
Diagnostic categories (n (%)) | ||||
Diseases of the circulatory system | 555 (54.8%) | 174 (64.9%) | 381 (51.2%) | 0.000109 |
Diseases of the respiratory system | 479 (47.3%) | 120 (44.8%) | 359 (48.3%) | 0.354 |
Diseases of the nervous system | 307 (30.3%) | 55 (20.5%) | 252 (33.9%) | < 0.01 |
Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes | 291 (28.8%) | 52 (19.4%) | 239 (32.1%) | < 0.01 |
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 230 (22.7%) | 54 (20.1%) | 176 (23.7%) | 0.269 |
Encounter type (n = 606a); (n (%)) | ||||
Emergency | 364 (60.1%) | 107 (39.9%) | 257 (34.5%) | 0.12 |
Inpatient | 242 (39.9%) | 63 (23.5%) | 179 (24.1% | 0.933 |
Critical care services provided (n (%)) | ||||
Critical care services | 706 (69.8) | 183 (68.3%) | 523 (70.3%) | 0.536 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 550 (54.3%) | 171 (63.8%) | 379 (50.9%) | 0.00034 |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 374 (37.0%) | 123 (45.9%) | 251 (33.7%) | 0.000512 |
Complex chronic diseases (n (%)) | 310 (30.6) | 75 (28.0%) | 235 (31.6%) | 0.28 |
Deaths (n (%)) | 321 (31.7%) | 105 (39.2%) | 216 (29.0%) | 0.0028 |
Cardiac arrest | 258 (25.5%) | 91 (34.0%) | 167 (22.4%) | - |
Convulsions | 65 (6.4%) | 18 (6.7%) | 47 (6.3%) | - |
Respiratory failure | 39 (3.9%) | 7 (2.6%) | 32 (4.3%) | - |
Shock | 30 (3.0%) | 5 (1.9%) | 25 (3.4%) | - |