Table 2 Patient characteristics by age group (elderly versus non-elderly)

Age

48.76±13.0

77.63±7.9

n/a

Sex (male)

245 (53.4)

247 (47.6)

0.098

Body mass index

27.37±6.9

24.20±5.1

<0.001

Day of symptoms

4, 5

3, 4

0.011

  Coronary artery disease

27 (5.2)

63 (13.7)

<0.001

 Cerebrovascular disease

22 (4.2)

70 (15.3)

<0.001

 Chronic pulmonary disease

34 (6.6)

47 (10.2)

0.037

 Diabetes mellitus

137 (26.4)

186 (40.5)

<0.001

 Moderate to severe renal disease

46 (8.9)

99 (21.6)

<0.001

 Cancer

19 (3.7)

45 (9.8)

<0.001

 Immunodeficiency status

21 (4.0)

9 (2.0)

0.059

 Do-not-resuscitate status

17 (3.3)

32 (7.0)

0.008

 Charlson comorbidity index

0, 1

2, 4

<0.001

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

134.48±27.8

138.84±30.0

0.019

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80.90±16.8

76.13±16.1

<0.001

 Pulse rate (beats/min)

96, 24

92, 28

0.011

 Respiratory rate (breaths/min)

28, 10

30, 12

0.005

 Body temperature (°C)

36.8, 1.0

37.0, 1.1

0.049

 Glasgow Coma Scale score

15, 0

15, 0

<0.001

 Oxygen saturation (%)

94, 8

92, 10

<0.001

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.9, 2.5

12.1, 2.9

0.001

 White blood cells (×10³/μL)

6.9, 4.7

7.1, 4.5

0.247

 Platelet (×10⁴/μL)

22.5, 11.5

20.8, 10.4

0.016

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.51±2.3

1.53±1.5

 Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m²)

81.20±34.8

54.95±26.9

<0.001

 Lactate (mg/dL)

0.61±1.88

1.00±1.90

<0.001

 D-dimer (g/L)

0.45, 1.08

0.87, 2.06

<0.001

 Aspartate transaminase (AST) (mg/dL)

45, 39

43, 42

0.342

 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mg/dL)

34, 35

24, 25

<0.001

 Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.47, 0.37

0.47, 0.35

0.278

 Procalcitonin (mg/L)

0.16, 0.37

0.21, 0.66

<0.001

 C-reactive protein (μg/L)

61.98, 94.46

69.96, 101.76

0.045

 Corticosteroids

419 (80.9)

422 (92.1)

<0.001

 Favipiravir

490 (94.6)

440 (95.9)

0.356

 Remdesivir

66 (12.7)

79 (17.2)

0.050

 Tocilizumab

31 (6.0)

23 (5.0)

0.506

 Baricitinib

6 (1.2)

6 (1.3)

0.833

 High flow nasal cannula

86 (16.6)

87 (19)

0.330

 Intubation

78 (15.0)

77 (16.8)

0.455

 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

0.932

 Inotropic drugs

54 (10.4)

86 (18.7)

<0.001

 Renal replacement therapy

27 (5.2)

18 (3.9)

0.337

 ICU

97 (18.7)

88 (19.2)

0.848

 Intermediate ward

230 (44.7)

276 (60.4)

<0.001

 Low-acuity ward

169 (32.8)

85 (18.6)

<0.001

 Field hospital

29 (5.6)

15 (3.3)

<0.001

 ^aHospitel

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

<0.001

 Home isolation

19 (3.7)

13 (2.8)

<0.001

 Transfer

8 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

<0.001

 Dead

6 (1.2)

23 (5.0)

<0.001

 Other

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

<0.001

 Ventilator-associated pneumonia

18 (3.5)

21 (4.6)

0.377

 Hospital-associated pneumonia

49 (9.4)

76 (16.6)

0.001

 Bacterial pneumonia

64 (12.3)

106 (23.1)

<0.001

 Other hospital-acquired infection

30 (5.8)

59 (12.9)

<0.001

 Septic shock

52 (10.0)

85 (18.5)

<0.001

 Acute respiratory distress syndrome

61 (11.8)

85 (18.5)

0.003

 Pulmonary embolism

13 (2.5)

16 (3.5)

0.367

 Stroke

1 (0.2)

5 (1.1)

0.073

 Myocardial infarction

2 (0.4)

5 (1.1)

0.192

 Pneumothorax

8 (1.5)

12 (0.6)

0.237

 Hospital length of stay (days)

10, 9

10, 9

0.474

 ICU length of stay (days)

7, 8

9, 10

0.085

 Hospital mortality

74 (14.3)

180 (39.2)

<0.001