The comparison of emergency medical service responses to and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Multivariable analysis of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at the scene before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
	OR^a	95%CI	p value	OR_adj^b	95%CI	p value
ROSC at scene
During COVID-19 pandemic	2.36	(1.71–3.25)	< 0.001	2.27	(1.50–3.42)	< 0.001
Before COVID-19 pandemic	1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
Determination of death at scene
During COVID-19 pandemic	0.86	(0.65–1.14)	0.302	0.84	(0.58–1.22)	0.362
Before COVID-19 pandemic	1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference

Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, OR_adj adjusted odds ratio, CI confident interval, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019
^aCrude odds ratio estimated by binary logistic regression
^bAdjusted odds ratio estimated by multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, underlying disease, etiology, location, witnessed arrest, bystander CPR performed, bystander AED applied, initial arrest rhythm, defibrillation, advanced airway management, prehospital fluid management, and medication use during CPR process

ISSN: 1865-1380