Fig. 2

A Image demonstrating the operator handling the high-frequency ultrasound probe and needle insertion using in-plane technique with lateral-to-medial approach at a 45-degree angle. B Parasternal sonogram in long-axis view revealing the cardiac effusion diameter A and the distance B from the end point of the pleura sliding to the internal thoracic vessels (ITVs). C Parasternal sonographic long-axis view showing the needle’s path of insertion, which passes between the end point of the pleura laterally to the ITVs and medially to the pericardial sac and was visualized in real time during the procedure