Table 1 The difference in NEWS2 between the improvement and non-improvement groups
Variables | Improvement in the NEWS2 (n = 5,598, 50.84%) | Non-improvement in the NEWS2 (n = 5,403, 49.16%) | P1 |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age [mean (SD)] | 69.57 (16.19) | 68.82 (16.63) | 0.02* |
Sex [Male, n (%)] | 3506 (62.63) | 3398 (62.89) | 0.79 |
Mortality [n (%)] | 2156 (38.51) | 2571 (47.58) | < 0.001*** |
Comorbidity [n (%)] | |||
AMI | 434 (7.75) | 450 (8.33) | 0.28 |
CHF | 1022 (18.26) | 900 (16.66) | 0.03* |
Peripheral vascular disease | 389 (6.95) | 341 (6.31) | 0.19 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1593 (28.46) | 1391 (25.74) | < 0.01** |
Dementia | 633 (11.31) | 571 (10.57) | 0.23 |
COPD | 1639 (29.28) | 1518 (28.10) | 0.18 |
Rheumatic disease | 327 (5.84) | 317 (5.87) | 0.99 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1755 (31.35) | 1637 (30.30) | 0.24 |
Mild liver disease | 623 (11.13) | 586 (10.85) | 0.66 |
Diabetes without chronic complication | 1296 (23.15) | 1234 (22.84) | 0.71 |
Diabetes with chronic complication | 710 (12.68) | 621 (11.49) | 0.06 |
Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 178 (3.18) | 186 (3.44) | 0.47 |
Renal disease | 2023 (36.14) | 1837 (34) | 0.02* |
Malignancy, including lymphoma and leukemia | 1452 (25.94) | 1370 (25.36) | 0.50 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 409 (7.31) | 438 (8.11) | 0.12 |
Metastatic solid tumor | 1205 (21.53) | 1198 (22.17) | 0.42 |
Charlson comorbidity index (CCI, mean (SD)) | 4.82 (3.38) | 4.73 (3.34) | 0.15 |
SOFA score (mean (SD)) | 9.7 (3.39) | 9.80 (3.38) | 0.10 |
Septic shock (n (%)) | 2862 (51.13) | 2936 (54.34) | < 0.001*** |
NEWS 2 (mean (SD)) | |||
First | 8.76 (2.42) | 6.47 (1.91) | < 0.001*** |
Last | 6.08 (1.87) | 7.50 (2.26) | < 0.001*** |
NEWS2 difference | |||
(1) Improvement | 5,598 (100) | ||
Improvement in risk category | 2857 (51.04) | ||
(i) High to medium | 2150 (38.41) | ||
(ii) High to low | 367 (6.56) | ||
(iii) Medium to low | 340 (6.07) | ||
No risk category change but decreased score | 2741 (48.96) | ||
(2) Non-improvement | 5403 (100) | ||
No change of NEWS2 | 4245 (78.57) | ||
Deterioration | 1158 (21.43) | ||
Length of ED stay (hours, mean (SD)) | 35.1 (42.08) | 32.85 (43.11) | < 0.01** |
ICU admission | 2550 (45.55) | 2531 (46.84) | 0.18 |
Primary Infection site (n (%)) | |||
Central nervous | 53 (0.95) | 58 (1.07) | 0.57 |
Respiratory | 2309 (41.25) | 2149 (39.77) | 0.12 |
Cardiovascular | 65 (1.16) | 55 (1.02) | 0.53 |
Gastrointestinal/Biliary tract | 1046 (18.69) | 1049 (19.42) | 0.34 |
Genitourinary | 1687 (30.14) | 1555 (28.78) | 0.12 |
Soft tissue/musculoskeletal | 207 (3.70) | 196 (3.63) | 0.88 |
Laboratory data (mean (SD)) | |||
WBC (/µL) | 13,810 (12,507) | 13,414 (13,426) | 0.11 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.36 (2.64) | 11.47 (2.58) | 0.03* |
Platelet (×103/µL) | 202 (127) | 200 (122) | 0.25 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 2.77 (0.64) | 2.78 (0.65) | 0.36 |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.54 (3.06) | 1.73 (3.64) | < 0.01** |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.14 (2.04) | 2.12 (2.06) | 0.53 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 12.11 (10.19) | 11.60 (10) | 0.01* |
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 15.33 (27.59) | 15.30 (28.72) | 0.97 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 3.51 (3.14) | 3.13 (3.13) | < 0.001*** |