Table 2 Impact of “improvement of NEWS2 score” in sepsis patients in ED on the hospital mortality by Cox regression models

Improvement of NEWS2 score

0.84 (0.80, 0.89)

< 0.001***

0.89 (0.81, 0.98)

0.02*

0.89 (0.81, 0.98)

0.02*

Demographic characteristics

  Age

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

< 0.001***

1.01 (1.01, 1.01)

< 0.001***

1.01 (1.01 1.02)

< 0.001***

  Sex

1.13 (1.06, 1.19)

< 0.01**

1.04 (0.94, 1.15)

0.49

1.05 (0.94, 1.16)

0.38

Comorbidity

  AMI

1.12 (1.01, 1.23)

0.03*

1.13 (0.96, 1.34)

0.13

1.13 (0.95, 1.33)

0.16

  CHF

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

0.22

1.10 (0.97, 1.25)

0.14

  Peripheral vascular disease

0.95 (0.85, 1.06)

0.41

0.93 (0.77, 1.12

0.42

  Cerebrovascular disease

0.82 (0.77, 0.88)

< 0.001***

0.88 (0.78, 0.98)

0.03*

0.88 (0.78, 0.99)

0.04

  Dementia

0.88 (0.80, 0.97)

0.01*

0.87 (0.73, 1.04)

0.13

0.88 (0.74, 1.05

0.15

  COPD

0.93 (0.87, 0.99)

0.01*

0.92 (0.82, 1.03)

0.15

0.91 (0.82, 1.04)

0.12

  Rheumatic disease

0.93 (0.83, 1.05)

0.26

1.14 (0.96, 1.35)

0.12

  Peptic ulcer disease

0.99 (0.94, 1.06)

0.96

0.93 (0.83, 1.03)

0.18

  Mild liver disease

1.11 (1.01, 1.20)

0.01*

1.03 (0.88, 1.19)

0.71

1.05 (0.90, 1.22)

0.53

  Diabetes without chronic complications

0.94 (0.87, 1.00)

0.08

0.89 (0.79, 1.01)

0.06

  Diabetes with chronic complications

0.87 (0.80, 0.96)

0.01*

0.91 (0.78, 1.06)

0.22

0.88 (0.75, 1.03)

0.11

  Hemiplegia or paraplegia

0.81 (0.68, 0.96)

0.02*

0.98 (0.73, 1.30)

0.87

0.96 (0.72 1.27)

0.76

  Renal disease

1.08 (1.02, 1.14)

0.01*

1.02 (0.91, 1.14)

0.76

1.01 (0.89, 1.13)

0.88

  Malignancy, including lymphoma and leukemia

1.09 (1.03, 1.16)

0.01*

1.22 (1.08, 1.36)

0.01*

1.24 (1.11 1.39)

< 0.01**

  Moderate or severe liver disease

1.82 (1.67, 1.99)

< 0.001***

1.49 (1.24, 1.79)

< 0.001***

1.55 (1.29, 1.86)

< 0.001***

  Metastatic solid tumor

1.70 (1.59, 1.81)

< 0.001***

1.61 (1.42, 1.83)

< 0.001***

1.64 (1.45, 1.85)

< 0.001***

Septic shock

1.68 (1.57, 1.80)

< 0.001***

1.64 (1.41, 1.91)

< 0.001***

1.60 (1.41, 1.91)

< 0.001***

ICU admission

0.83 (0.78, 0.88)

< 0.001***

0.69 (0.60, 0.78)

< 0.001***

068 (0.62, 0.78)

< 0.001***

Length of ED stay (hours)

0.99 (0.99, 1.00)

< 0.001***

0.99 (0.99, 1.00)

0.04*

0.99 (0.99 0.99)

0.04*

Laboratory data

  WBC (/µL)

1 (1.00, 1.00)

0.04*

1 (1.00, 1.00)

< 0.01**

1 (1.00, 1.00)

< 0.01**

  Hemoglobin (g/dL)

0.95 (0.94, 0.96)

< 0.001***

0.98 (0.96, 1.01)

0.19

  Platelet (×10³/µL)

0.99 (0.99, 0.99)

< 0.001***

0.99 (0.99, 0.99)

< 0.001***

0.99 (0.99, 1.00)

< 0.001***

  Albumin (g/dl)

0.75 (0.72, 0.79)

< 0.001***

0.78 (0.72, 0.85)

< 0.001***

0.77 (0.71, 0.84)

< 0.001***

  Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)

1.05 (1.04, 1.05)

< 0.001***

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)

< 0.001***

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)

< 0.001***

  Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.04 (1.03, 1.05)

< 0.001***

1.02 (0.99, 1.05)

0.08

  CRP (mg/dL)

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.12

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.53

  Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

< 0.01**

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

0.12

  Lactate (mmol/L)

1.01 (1.01, 1.01)

< 0.001***

1.01 (1.00, 1.01)

< 0.001***

1.01 (1.01, 1.01)

< 0.001***