Articles

Estimation of the burden of out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest in Karachi, Pakistan, using a cross-sectional capture-recapture analysis

The burden of trauma-related-out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in developing countries like Pakistan remains largely unexplored due to a lack of organized pre-hospital systems. In order to estimate the bur...

Authors: Minaz Mawani, Iqbal Azam, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Zainab Samad and Junaid Abdul Razzak

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm identified on point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a highly lethal condition which requires rapid identification and treatment to improve the chance of survival. Computed tomography is the diagnostic modality of choi...

Authors: Omar Diaz and Wesley Eilbert

Male infant patient with a mesenteric cyst in the greater and lesser omenta: a case report

Mesenteric cysts are intra-abdominal masses of congenital origin, which most frequently occur in children, with an incidence of approximately 1 case per 20,000 pediatric admissions. Its progression can be asym...

Authors: Rocio del Pilar Pereira-Ospina, Laura Catherine Montoya-Sanchez, Diana María Abella-Morales, Javier Yesid Pinzón-Salamanca, José Miguel Suescún-Vargas and Sergio Rueda-Martínez

The use of clinical decision rules for pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: a retrospective study

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and life-threatening medical condition with non-specific clinical presentation. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CT-PA) has been the diagnostic modality of choice,...

Authors: Omran Al Dandan, Ali Hassan, Afnan Alnasr, Mohammed Al Gadeeb, Hossain AbuAlola, Sarah Alshahwan, Malak Al Shammari and Alaa Alzaki

Prehospital reversal of profound respiratory acidosis and hypercapnic coma by non-invasive ventilation: a report of two cases

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is generally recommended and has proven its benefits by reducing endotracheal intub...

Authors: PE Fubini and L Suppan

Prehospital acute traumatic pain assessment and management practices in the Western Cape, South Africa: a retrospective review

Trauma is a common aetiology of acute pain in the emergency setting, and traumatic injuries have been recognised as a global public health crisis leading to numerous deaths and disabilities. This study aimed t...

Authors: Andrit Lourens, Romy Parker and Peter Hodkinson

Evolution of emergency medical services in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Emergency medical services (EMS) is crucial to any healthcare system, especially in urban countries. The Kingdom of Bahrain has always strived to develop healthcare services throughout the Kingdom including EM...

Authors: Feras H. Abuzeyad, Ghada Al Qasim, Leena Alqasem and Mudhaffar I. Al Farras

Knowledge of and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation among junior doctors and medical students in Upper Egypt: cross-sectional study

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a fundamental skill that should be acquired by all medical community members. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of junior doctors and medical studen...

Authors: Zeinab Mohammed, Ahmed Arafa, Yaseen Saleh, Mohamed Dardir, Asmaa Taha, Hassnaa Shaban, Eman Mohammed AbdelSalam and Jon Mark Hirshon

Manual ventilation quality is improved with a real-time visual feedback system during simulated resuscitation

Manual ventilations during cardiac arrest are frequently performed outside of recommended guidelines. Real-time feedback has been shown to improve chest compression quality, but the use of feedback to guide ve...

Authors: Jeffrey R. Gould, Lisa Campana, Danielle Rabickow, Richard Raymond and Robert Partridge

How to think like an emergency care provider: a conceptual mental model for decision making in emergency care

General medicine commonly adopts a strategy based on the analytic approach utilizing the hypothetico-deductive method. Medical emergency care and education have been following similarly the same approach. Howe...

Authors: Nasser Hammad Al-Azri

Research capacity of Australian and New Zealand emergency medicine departments

Large, multicentre studies are required in emergency medicine to advance clinical care and improve patient outcomes. The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine clinical trials network is available to rese...

Authors: Katie Walker, Shijie Ian Tan, Daniel Fatovich, Gina Watkins, Melanie Stephenson, Joseph Ting, Richard Whittome, Wei Wang and Jonathan Knott

The assessment of acute pulmonary embolism severity using CT angiography features

This study was conducted to detect the association between radiologic features of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI).

Authors: Azin Shayganfar, Somayeh Hajiahmadi, Mohsen Astaraki and Shadi Ebrahimian

Impact of bedside lung ultrasound on physician clinical decision-making in an emergency department in Nepal

Lung ultrasound is an effective tool for the evaluation of undifferentiated dyspnea in the emergency department. Impact of lung ultrasound on clinical decisions for the evaluation of patients with dyspnea in r...

Authors: Darlene R. House, Yogendra Amatya, Benjamin Nti and Frances M. Russell

Improving perception and confidence towards bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and public access automated external defibrillator program: how does training program help?

In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at various locations within a public university in Malaysia, a series of structured training programs were conducted. The objecti...

Authors: Siew Yee Liaw, Keng Sheng Chew, Ahmad Zulkarnain, Shirly Siew Ling Wong, Nariman Singmamae, Dev Nath Kaushal and Hiang Chuan Chan

Factors influencing termination of resuscitation in children: a qualitative analysis

Pediatric Advanced Life Support provides guidelines for resuscitating children in cardiopulmonary arrest. However, the role physicians’ attitudes and beliefs play in decision-making when terminating resuscitat...

Authors: Rashida T. Campwala, Anita R. Schmidt, Todd P. Chang and Alan L. Nager

A dignitary medicine curriculum developed using a modified Delphi methodology

Dignitary medicine is an emerging field of training that involves the specialized care of diplomats, heads of state, and other high-ranking officials. In an effort to provide guidance on training in this nasce...

Authors: Mobarak A. Al Mulhim, Robert G. Darling, Ritu Sarin, Alex Hart, Hetaf Kamal, Abdullah Al Hadhirah, Amalia Voskanyan, Lewis Hofmann, Bradley A. Connor, Roger A. Band, James Jones, Richard Tubb, Ronny Jackson, Amado Alejandro Baez, Edward Wasser, Sean Conley…

Accuracy of Broselow tape in estimating the weight of the child for management of pediatric emergencies in Nepalese population

Children with emergency conditions require immediate life-saving intervention and resuscitation. Unlike adults, the pediatric emergency drug dose, equipment sizes, and defibrillation energy doses are calculate...

Authors: Pukar K.C., Akhilendra Jha, Kamal Ghimire, Roshana Shrestha and Anmol Purna Shrestha

Position within the hospital and role in the emergency department of emergency physicians in the Netherlands: a national survey

Emergency medicine (EM) in the Netherlands has developed rapidly and initially without central guidance. This has led to heterogeneity in current EM practice. Our aim was to quantify this heterogeneity by answ...

Authors: Sarah Coppes, Rebekka Veugelers, Roger A. P. A. Hessels, Crispijn L. van den Brand and Menno I. Gaakeer

Developing an integrated emergency medical services in a low-income country like Nepal: a concept paper

The main aim of emergency medical services (EMS) should be to provide universal emergency medical care which is EMS system available to all those who need it. Most of the developed countries have an integrated...

Authors: Deepak Bhandari and Nabin Krishna Yadav

Methanol outbreak: a Malaysian tertiary hospital experience

Methanol poisoning usually occurs in a cluster and initial diagnosis can be challenging. Mortality is high without immediate interventions. This paper describes a methanol poisoning outbreak and difficulties i...

Authors: J. Md Noor, R. Hawari, M. F. Mokhtar, S. J. Yussof, N. Chew, N. A. Norzan, R. Rahimi, Z. Ismail, S. Singh, J. Baladas, N. H. Hashim, M. I. K. Mohamad and M. D. Pathmanathan

Cohort retrospective study: the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as an independent predictor of outcomes at the presentation of the multi-trauma patient

Although the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with mortality in trauma patients has recently been shown, there is a paucity of research on the association with other outcomes. Recent studies...

Authors: Soulaiman Elias Soulaiman, Dalal Dopa, Al-Batool T. Raad, Walaa Hasan, Niyazi Ibrahim, Al-Ykzan Hasan, Hussam Aldin Sulaiman and Moufid Darwich

Are pre-existing psychiatric disorders the only reason for involuntary holds in the emergency department?

To determine the role of previous psychiatric disorders including substance use disorders on emergency department (ED) patients on involuntary holds and compare presentations, treatment, and outcomes based on ...

Authors: Christian Lachner, Michael J. Maniaci, Tyler F. Vadeboncoeur, Nancy L. Dawson, Teresa A. Rummans, Archana Roy, Lorrina L. Hall and M. Caroline Burton

Pericardial effusion with tamponade: bedside ultrasonography saves another life

In these video clinical images, the authors present the cause for an elderly gentleman’s shortness of breath. It was presumed to be an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a condition for whi...

Authors: Javier Rosario, Rohan Mangal, Jessica Houck, Mary Cate Slome and Latha Ganti

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by canagliflozin: a case report

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is seen relatively frequently in the emergency department (ED). DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketonemia, and sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) ...

Authors: Masafumi Fukuda, Masakazu Nabeta, Takanori Muta, Kei Fukami and Osamu Takasu

Eagle syndrome masquerading as a chicken bone

This is a brief report of a 17-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with odynophagia and a foreign body sensation in the throat after choking on a chicken wing. A soft tissue neck radiograph...

Authors: Jason E. Cohn, Sammy Othman and Karima Sajadi-Ernazarova

A 2-year-old with a hepatic abscess secondary to an ascending retrocecal appendicitis: case report and review of the literature

Diagnosing appendicitis within the pediatric population can be challenging, whether it be a neonate with irritability or a toddler with flank pain. Symptoms may mimic a viral illness, constipation, urinary tra...

Authors: Gregory M. Taylor, Ethan R. Saffer, Eric L. McDowell and Matthew A. Warpinski

The influence of past experiences on future willingness to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation

The influence of past familial experiences of receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and medical help in various cardiac arrest and nonfatal cardiac events toward willingness to “pay it forward” by help...

Authors: Keng Sheng Chew, Shazrina Ahmad Razali, Shirly Siew Ling Wong, Aisyah Azizul, Nurul Faizah Ismail, Sharoon Juliet Kun Chyee Ak Robert and Yegharaj A/L Jayaveeran

Right main bronchus rupture associated with blunt chest trauma: a case report

Tracheobronchial injury is one of the least common injuries in the scenario of blunt chest trauma. However, around 81% of patients with airway injury die immediately or before arriving at the emergency departm...

Authors: Carime Díaz, Daniel F. Carvajal, Eliana I. Morales, Saveria Sangiovanni and Liliana Fernández-Trujillo

Fluid resuscitation in trauma: what are the best strategies and fluids?

Traumatic injuries pose a global health problem and account for about 10% global burden of disease. Among injured patients, the major cause of potentially preventable death is uncontrolled post-traumatic hemor...

Authors: G. H. Ramesh, J. C. Uma and Sheerin Farhath

Developing an emergency medicine handoff tool: an electronic Delphi approach

Handoffs at the end of clinical shifts occur with high frequencies in the emergency department setting and they pose an increased risk to patients. There is a need to standardize handoff practices. This study ...

Authors: Khaled Alrajhi and Abdulmohsen Alsaawi

Triage and flow management in sepsis

Sepsis is a major public health problem, with a growing incidence and mortality rates still close to 30% in severe cases. The speed and adequacy of the treatment administered in the first hours of sepsis, part...

Authors: Hudson Henrique Gomes Pires, Fábio Fernandes Neves and Antonio Pazin-Filho

Exploring emergency department visits: factors influencing individuals’ decisions, knowledge of triage systems and waiting times, and experiences during visits to a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia

In recent years, there has been an increased utilization of emergency departments (EDs) in many countries. Additionally, it is reported that there are major delays in delivering care to ED patients. Longer wai...

Authors: Nawaf Alhabdan, Faisal Alhusain, Abdulkareem Alharbi, Muatassem Alsadhan, Moath Hakami and Emad Masuadi

A compulsive act of excess water intake leading to hyponatraemia and rhabdomyolysis: a case report

Primary polydipsia is commonly seen in patients with psychiatric illnesses. Excess water intake is also seen in patient with anorexia and anticholinergic medications. We report a patient who had hyponatraemia ...

Authors: Sudheera Fernando, Francisca Sivagnanam and Devarajan Rathish

Rhabdomyolysis as an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease which most commonly presents in women of reproductive age. It takes a relapsing-remitting course and may manifest as a variety of clinica...

Authors: Gayatri Saxena and Ahmed Mahdi

Case report: systolic murmur associated with pulmonary embolism

This case study’s novelty lies in the potential to link a new sign in pulmonary embolism diagnosis which does not increase cost but could lead to more rapid treatment. Early intervention in these cases is vita...

Authors: Cain M. Dudek, Kelly R. McCracken and B. James Connolly

Outcomes of rapid response team implementation in tertiary private hospitals: a prospective cohort study

Cardiopulmonary arrest may result in high mortality rate in hospitals where the rapid response team is not implemented. A rapid response system can recognize patients at high risk of cardiopulmonary arrest and...

Authors: Awad Al-Omari, Abbas Al Mutair and Fadi Aljamaan

To enhance the quality of CPR performed by youth layman

By educating laymen, survival after cardiac arrest can increase in society. It is difficult to reach the entire population with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. However, if 15% of the population k...

Authors: Anna Abelsson and Annette Nygårdh

Impact of age on the seasonal prevalence of hypernatremia in the emergency department: a single-center study

Hypernatremia is one of the most commonly encountered electrolyte disorders in the emergency department (ED). Few studies have reported the seasonal fluctuations of the prevalence of hypernatremia with conflic...

Authors: Naohiko Imai, Hirofumi Sumi and Yugo Shibagaki

Complete brachial plexus palsy following shoulder dislocation due to sneeze: a case report

Traumatic shoulder dislocation is a frequent condition presenting to the emergency department. Due to the anatomy of the shoulder, associated neurovascular damage is not uncommon. Although clinical intuition m...

Authors: Austin H. Middleton, John Roffers and Dean W. Ziegler

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use: a case report and review of the literature

The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the newest class of anti-hyperglycemic medications used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Their increasing use has been driven by their apparent c...

Authors: Alexis Diaz-Ramos, Wesley Eilbert and Diego Marquez

Prospective comparison of capillary and venous brain biomarker S100B: capillary samples have large inter-sample variation and poor correlation with venous samples

Guidelines for the emergency management of mild traumatic brain injury have been used for over a decade and are considered safe. However, they recommend computerized tomography for at least half of these patie...

Authors: Tomas Vedin, Mathias Karlsson, Marcus Edelhamre, Mikael Bergenheim and Per-Anders Larsson

Chest pain while gardening: a Stanford type A dissection involving the aortic root extending into the iliac arteries—an uncommon and potentially catastrophic disease process

An aortic dissection is an uncommon and potentially catastrophic disease process that carries with it a high morbidity and mortality. The inciting event is a tear in the intimal lining of the aorta. This allow...

Authors: Gregory M. Taylor, Michael W. Barney and Eric L. McDowell

Clinical significance of urinary L-FABP in the emergency department

This study’s aim is to measure liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) levels in urine using a rapid semiquantitative assay kit in the emergency department and to investigate whether the onset of acute ...

Authors: Ginga Suzuki, Ryo Ichibayashi, Saki Yamamoto, Yoshimi Nakamichi, Masayuki Watanabe and Mitsuru Honda

New d-dimer threshold for Japanese patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a retrospective cohort study

In the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), the d-dimer threshold is based on studies conducted in Western countries, where the incidence rate is 5 times higher than that in Asian countries, including Japan. If ...

Authors: Jin Takahashi, Takashi Shiga, Yuita Fukuyama, Yuiko Hoshina, Yosuke Homma, Michiko Mizobe, Kenji Numata, Tetsuya Inoue and Hiraku Funakoshi

Complications of subcutaneous penile modifications: a discussion of emergency department presentations and management

Subcutaneous penile modifications (SPMs) are more prevalent in Southeast Asian culture and have been growing in popularity in Western culture. SPMs are often made of domino tiles, or other available pieces of ...

Authors: Cali L. Kirkham, Stormy M. Monks and Scott B. Crawford

The impact of a multimodal intervention on emergency department crowding and patient flow

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of a multimodal intervention on emergency department (ED) crowding and patient flow in a Dutch level 1 trauma center.

Authors: M. C. (Christien) van der Linden, H. M. E. (Jet) van Ufford and N. (Naomi) van der Linden

Effect of new year holidays on hospital mortality: a time series study

Nowruz holidays, as one of the most important holidays in Iran, can lead to changes in the trend of hospital deaths. Due to changes in lifestyle and increased accidents, hospitals become crowded during the hol...

Authors: Mohadeseh Ghanbari Jahromi, Reza Goudarzi, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Saeed Amini, Javad Nazari and Mohammadreza Amiresmaili

Interdisciplinary in situ simulation-based medical education in the emergency department of a teaching hospital in Nepal

Simulation is well established as an effective strategy to train health care professionals in both technical and nontechnical skills and to prevent errors. Despite its known efficacy, adequate implementation i...

Authors: Roshana Shrestha, Anmol Purna Shrestha, Sanu Krishna Shrestha, Samjhana Basnet and Alok Pradhan

Epidemiology of paediatric trauma in Norway: a single-trauma centre observational study

Trauma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children globally. The burden of injury shows substantial geographical differences, with a significant mortality reduction in children in Norway during the...

Authors: Eirik Nesje, Nadine Nalini Valøy, Andreas Jorstad Krüger and Oddvar Uleberg

The importance of platelet counts in severe hypothermia

Authors: Ian Joseph Cohen